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Related Concept Videos

Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's initial...
Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
Role of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenaline triggers the...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
The Sympathetic Nervous System01:25

The Sympathetic Nervous System

Overview
Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

Psychological Responses to Stress

Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...

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Performance of Sepsis-3 criteria in burn patients: A multicenter real-world study.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
09:39

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress

Published on: October 19, 2011

The surgically induced stress response.

Celeste C Finnerty1, Nigel Tapiwa Mabvuure, Arham Ali

  • 1Department of Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Galveston and the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas.

JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

The body

Area of Science:

  • Physiology
  • Metabolism
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Surgery, critical illness, trauma, and burns trigger complex stress responses.
  • These responses involve metabolic, inflammatory, hormonal, and genomic changes.
  • Prolonged or severe stress can lead to hypermetabolism, muscle wasting, and organ failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological and metabolic derangements following surgical and traumatic injuries.
  • To understand the impact of injury severity on the duration and effects of the stress response.
  • To examine burn injuries as an extreme model for studying prolonged stress responses.

Main Methods:

  • Review of physiological and metabolic responses to various injuries.
  • Comparative analysis of stress response duration based on injury severity.
Keywords:
burnsnutrition therapyresponse to injurystress metabolismsurgical stress

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

The Trier Social Stress Test Protocol for Inducing Psychological Stress
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An Alternative to the Traditional Cold Pressor Test: The Cold Pressor Arm Wrap
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Restraint to Induce Stress in Mice and Rats

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  • Utilizing burn injuries as a model for extreme trauma response.

    • Main Results:

    • Surgical and traumatic stress responses share common metabolic and physiological perturbations.
    • Injury severity dictates the duration of the stress response.
    • Burn injuries represent an extreme model for studying sustained stress responses.

    Conclusions:

    • The stress response, while adaptive for acute survival, can be detrimental in modern medicine.
    • Understanding these responses is crucial for managing patients with severe injuries.
    • Further research into prolonged stress models like burns can inform clinical practice.