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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...

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A causative link between inner ear defects and long-term striatal dysfunction.

Michelle W Antoine1, Christian A Hübner, Joseph C Arezzo

  • 1Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Inner ear dysfunction can cause hyperactivity in mice by altering brain signaling pathways. Targeting these pathways, like with a pERK inhibitor, can effectively remedy the hyperactivity, revealing a link between sensory and behavioral disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Biology
  • Behavioral Genetics

Background:

  • Hyperactivity is common in individuals with inner ear dysfunction.
  • The link between inner ear dysfunction and brain alterations causing behavioral disorders remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if inner ear dysfunction can induce molecular changes in the brain, leading to pathological behaviors like hyperactivity.
  • To explore the role of specific signaling pathways in mediating hyperactivity caused by inner ear dysfunction.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular and behavioral assessments in mice with Slc12a2 mutations (null or tissue-specific).
  • Measured levels of phosphorylated adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein (pCREB) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) in the nucleus accumbens.
  • Administered the pERK inhibitor SL327 locally to assess its effect on hyperactivity.

Main Results:

  • Inner ear dysfunction was found to cause motor hyperactivity in mice.
  • This hyperactivity correlated with increased levels of pCREB and pERK in the nucleus accumbens.
  • Local administration of the pERK inhibitor SL327 successfully remedied the hyperactivity.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory impairments, such as inner ear dysfunction, can induce specific molecular brain changes.
  • These changes can lead to maladaptive behaviors like hyperactivity, previously thought to be solely of cerebral origin.
  • Findings highlight a novel connection between sensory system integrity and central nervous system behavioral regulation.