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Related Concept Videos

Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
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Language and Cognition

Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
09:00

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing

Published on: August 16, 2024

Occlusal traits in developmental dyslexia: a preliminary study.

Letizia Perillo1, Maria Esposito, Mariarosaria Contiello

  • 1Department of Orthodontics, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy.

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Children with developmental dyslexia (DD) show distinct dental features, particularly affecting incisors. These orthodontic differences may stem from persistent variations in tongue and lip movement patterns during development.

Keywords:
kinematic profilelearning disordermalocclusionorthodontic features

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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Advancing Dyslexia Assessment in Children Through Computerized Testing
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Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age
15:00

Assessing Dyslexia at Six Year of Age

Published on: May 1, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Orthodontics
  • Developmental Pediatrics
  • Speech-Language Pathology

Background:

  • Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting reading and writing skills.
  • Previous research has explored various factors associated with DD, but the link to specific orthodontic features remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and identify potential orthodontic characteristics present in children diagnosed with developmental dyslexia.
  • To compare the prevalence of specific dental and occlusal anomalies between children with DD and a control group of healthy children.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 28 children with DD and 51 healthy children, aged 7-10 years.
  • Evaluation of reading and writing skills, alongside a comprehensive assessment of orthodontic features and occlusal status.

Main Results:

  • Children with DD exhibited significantly poorer performance in word and non-word reading compared to controls.
  • Statistically significant differences were found in the prevalence of diastemas, midline diastemas, overbite > 4 mm, and overjet > 4 mm between the groups.
  • Logistic regression indicated that diastemas and midline diastemas were significantly associated with DD.

Conclusions:

  • Children with developmental dyslexia are more likely to present with specific alterations in dental features, particularly concerning incisor alignment and spacing.
  • These findings suggest a potential influence of altered tongue and lip kinematics on both dental development and occlusion in children with DD.