Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Assessing Disaster Resilience of Concrete with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
05:45

Assessing Disaster Resilience of Concrete with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles

Published on: November 14, 2025

Evaluation of the effect of blood contamination on the compressive strength of MTA modified with hydration

Kaveh Oloomi1, Eshaghali Saberi, Hadi Mokhtari

  • 1Department of Endodontics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences School of Dentistry, Tehran, Iran.

Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Blood contamination significantly reduced the compressive strength (CS) of both original and accelerated Root MTA (RMTA). Accelerated RMTA formulations showed higher CS than un-accelerated RMTA when contaminated with blood.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials
  • Regenerative Endodontics

Background:

  • Root canal sealers are crucial for successful endodontic treatment.
  • Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a widely used biomaterial in endodontics.
  • Blood contamination during root canal procedures can potentially affect sealer performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of blood contamination on the compressive strength (CS) of Root MTA (RMTA).
  • To assess the effect of setting accelerators, Calcium chloride (CaCl2) and Disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4), on blood-contaminated RMTA's CS over time.

Main Methods:

  • 110 RMTA specimens were prepared and divided into six groups: RMTA, RMTA with CaCl2 (RMTA-C), RMTA with Na2HPO4 (RMTA-N), and their blood-contaminated counterparts.
  • Compressive strength was measured at 3 hours, 24 hours, and 1 week.
  • CS of modified groups was also assessed at 1 hour.

Main Results:

  • Blood contamination significantly reduced the CS of all RMTA materials across all time points (p < 0.05).
  • At 3 hours, RMTA groups (with and without blood) exhibited significantly lower CS compared to RMTA-C and RMTA-N groups (p < 0.05).
  • CS increased significantly over time in all tested groups (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Blood contamination negatively impacts the compressive strength of both standard and accelerated RMTA.
  • Accelerated RMTA formulations (RMTA-C and RMTA-N) demonstrated improved resistance to blood contamination's detrimental effects on CS, particularly at early time points.
Keywords:
Blood contaminationCalcium chlorideCompressive strengthDisodium hydrogen phosphateMineral trioxide aggregate

More Related Videos

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior11:07

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

Published on: June 27, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Testing Water Quality01:14

Testing Water Quality

When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in ASTM C...
Strength and Heat of Hydration01:29

Strength and Heat of Hydration

The hydration of cement is an exothermic reaction in which heat is generated as cement hydrates. This heat of hydration is critical to cement's strength development. The rate at which this heat is generated affects the temperature rise, with a majority of the heat being released early in the hydration process, half within the first three days, and about 75% within the first week.
The heat of hydration for each cement compound is significant; for instance, tricalcium aluminate (C3A) and...
Mortar Properties01:17

Mortar Properties

Mortar properties encompass a range of characteristics crucial for construction and masonry work, including workability, water retention, bond strength, durability, compressive strength, volume change, and appearance. Workability refers to mortar's ability to be easily applied and manipulated without sagging or falling off surfaces, which is important for efficient masonry unit placement and alignment. Water retention is essential to prevent the mortar from losing moisture too quickly to the...
Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate01:22

Toughness and Hardness of Aggregate

Toughness and hardness are critical properties of aggregate materials used in concrete, particularly on pavement surfaces and industrial flooring subjected to heavy loads. Toughness is defined as the aggregate's resistance to failure by impact and is measured by the aggregate impact value (AIV). For this, the aggregate impact value test is performed, wherein the impact is delivered by a standard hammer, which falls freely under its own weight onto the aggregates. The aggregates fragment in the...