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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis01:20

Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the colon characterized by continuous mucosal inflammation that typically begins in the rectum and extends proximally in a uniform pattern. Its pathogenesis involves a complex interplay of genetic predisposition, immune dysregulation, and environmental influences. These factors converge to impair the colon’s epithelial defenses and promote an exaggerated inflammatory response against luminal contents.Breakdown of the Mucosal BarrierA...
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Microbiota of the Stomach and Small Intestine

The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is characterized by distinct physicochemical conditions that shape its microbial communities. Among these, the stomach presents a particularly challenging environment for microbial colonization due to its highly acidic pH, ranging from 1 to 3. This extreme acidity effectively limits microbial density. However, certain acid-tolerant microorganisms are capable of surviving in this niche. Notably, Helicobacter pylori can colonize the gastric mucosa,...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...
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Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
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Gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease.

Jung Ok Shim1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights the crucial role of gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis, especially in pediatric cases. Dysbiosis, or microbial imbalance, is a key factor in IBD development.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The gut mucosal barrier is vital for immune homeostasis.
  • Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis involves immune defects and genetic factors.
  • Emerging research links IBD to an overactive immune response to gut microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent research on gut microbiota in IBD.
  • To emphasize the role of gut microbiota in pediatric IBD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on gut microbiota and IBD.
  • Focus on the implications of dysbiosis in IBD.

Main Results:

  • Alterations in gut microbial composition (dysbiosis) are observed in IBD patients.
Keywords:
ChildInflammatory bowel diseasesMicrobiota

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Induction of Intestinal Inflammation by Adoptive Transfer of CBir1 TCR Transgenic CD4+ T Cells to Immunodeficient Mice
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  • Gut microbiota significantly influences the pathogenesis of IBD.
  • Specific focus on the role in pediatric IBD.

    • Conclusions:

    • Gut microbiota, particularly dysbiosis, is central to IBD pathogenesis.
    • Understanding gut microbiota is critical for pediatric IBD research and treatment.