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Cholesterol metabolism by Mycobacterium.

J R Chipley, M S Dreyfuss, R A Smucker

    Microbios
    |January 1, 1975
    PubMed
    Summary

    Mycobacterium species ATCC 19652 efficiently metabolizes cholesterol, with whole cells absorbing 91% in five days. This cholesterol uptake is inhibited by specific compounds, and microbial cell walls show hydrolyzing activity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Biochemistry
    • Molecular Biology

    Background:

    • Cholesterol metabolism is crucial for microbial survival and pathogenesis.
    • Mycobacterium species are known for their ability to degrade complex lipids, including cholesterol.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate cholesterol uptake and metabolism by Mycobacterium species ATCC 19652.
    • To identify factors influencing cholesterol uptake and characterize cholesterol hydrolyzing activity.

    Main Methods:

    • Incubation of Mycobacterium species ATCC 19652 with cholesterol in defined media.
    • Assessment of cholesterol uptake by whole cells.
    • Inhibition studies using 2,4-dinitrophenol and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide.
    • Analysis of cholesterol hydrolyzing activity in growth media and cell walls.
    • Extraction and molecular weight estimation of the hydrolyzing enzyme.

    Main Results:

    • Whole cells of Mycobacterium species ATCC 19652 achieved 91% cholesterol uptake within five days at 34°C and pH 6.8-7.4.
    • Cholesterol uptake was significantly inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, suggesting an active transport process.
    • Cholesterol hydrolyzing activity was detected in both growth media supernates and isolated microbial cell walls.
    • The cholesterol hydrolyzing activity was extractable with Triton X-100 and had an estimated molecular weight of 100-200,000 Da.

    Conclusions:

    • Mycobacterium species ATCC 19652 actively metabolizes cholesterol, primarily through uptake by whole cells.
    • The observed inhibition suggests energy-dependent transport mechanisms are involved in cholesterol uptake.
    • Microbial cell walls possess significant cholesterol hydrolyzing capabilities, indicating extracellular or cell-wall associated enzymatic activity.

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