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Related Concept Videos

Irrotational Flow01:28

Irrotational Flow

Irrotational flow is characterized by fluid motion where particles do not rotate around their axes, resulting in zero vorticity. For a flow to be irrotational, the curl of the velocity field must be zero. This imposes specific conditions on velocity gradients. For instance, to maintain zero rotation about the z-axis, the gradient condition:
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
Navier–Stokes Equations01:28

Navier–Stokes Equations

For incompressible Newtonian fluids, where density remains constant, stresses show a linear relationship with the deformation rate, defined by normal and shear stresses. Normal stresses depend on the pressure exerted on the fluid and the rate of deformation in specific directions, which determines how fluid flows under varying pressures. Shear stresses, on the other hand, act tangentially across fluid layers. They explain how adjacent fluid layers slide relative to one another, connecting...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Couette Flow01:22

Couette Flow

Couette flow represents the flow of fluid between two parallel plates, with one plate fixed and the other moving with a constant velocity. This configuration allows for a simplified analysis using the Navier-Stokes equations, which govern fluid motion under conditions of viscosity and incompressibility. For Couette flow, the assumptions include a steady, laminar, incompressible flow with a zero-pressure gradient in the flow direction. This flow type is beneficial for understanding shear-driven...
Turbulent Flow01:24

Turbulent Flow

Turbulent flow is characterized by unpredictable fluctuations in velocity and pressure, which result in a chaotic fluid movement distinct from the orderly patterns of laminar flow. While laminar flow is governed by smooth, parallel layers with minimal mixing, turbulent flow exhibits highly irregular, three-dimensional patterns. This behavior arises due to instabilities in the fluid's velocity profile, and amplifies as the flow velocity increases. Minor disturbances, known as turbulent spots,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
06:42

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability

Published on: March 3, 2017

Three-dimensional vortices generated by self-replication in stably stratified rotating shear flows.

Philip S Marcus1, Suyang Pei, Chung-Hsiang Jiang

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

A new instability generates space-filling vortex lattices in rotating, stratified shear flows. These persistent, self-replicating vortices originate from critical layers and can destabilize protoplanetary disk flows.

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Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Magnetically Induced Rotating Rayleigh-Taylor Instability
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Published on: March 3, 2017

Experimental Investigation of Secondary Flow Structures Downstream of a Model Type IV Stent Failure in a 180° Curved Artery Test Section
11:00

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Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices
04:35

Preparation of Free-Surface Hyperbolic Water Vortices

Published on: July 28, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Astrophysical fluid dynamics

Background:

  • Rotating, stratified shear flows are common in nature.
  • Understanding instabilities in these flows is crucial for various scientific fields.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a novel instability in rotating, stratified shear flows.
  • To investigate the formation and behavior of resulting vortex structures.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of instabilities in linearly stable, rotating, stratified shear flows.
  • Observation of critical layer dynamics and vortex self-replication.

Main Results:

  • A previously unknown instability generates space-filling lattices of 3D vortices.
  • Vortices originate from critical layers, drawing energy from background shear.
  • Vortices self-similarly replicate and persist indefinitely.

Conclusions:

  • The discovered instability leads to persistent turbulent vortex lattices.
  • This phenomenon occurs in stratified Couette flows and protoplanetary disk dead zones.
  • The instability can destabilize Keplerian flows in protoplanetary disks.