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Related Concept Videos

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II01:27

Determination of Molar Masses of Polymers II

Polymer samples typically consist of macromolecular chains with a distribution of lengths, resulting in a range of molar masses rather than a single discrete value. Conventional descriptors such as the number-average molar mass and weight-average molar mass quantify this distribution but do not fully capture polymer behavior in solution..The viscosity-average molar mass provides a more realistic description of polymer behavior in solution because it accounts for the enhanced contribution of...
Diffusion on Chromatography Columns01:07

Diffusion on Chromatography Columns

In column chromatography, when an analyte is introduced as a narrow band at the top of the column, the solutes begin to separate and broaden, developing a Gaussian profile. This broadening occurs due to various factors, such as longitudinal diffusion.
Longitudinal diffusion occurs when the solute molecules in the mobile phase diffuse from the more concentrated center of the chromatographic band to the more dilute regions on either side, both towards and against the flow direction. This...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

Complex tracer diffusion dynamics in polymer solutions.

Apostolos Vagias1, Riccardo Raccis, Kaloian Koynov

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tracer mobility in polymer solutions slows due to crowding. Specific tracer-polymer attractions reveal a second diffusion component, highlighting the role of chain connectivity in interactions.

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Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

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Published on: May 1, 2018

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level
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Published on: September 26, 2016

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels
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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microgels

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Soft Matter Science
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer solutions exhibit complex dynamics affecting solute mobility.
  • Understanding tracer diffusion is crucial for characterizing polymer solution properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate tracer mobility in polymer solutions using advanced spectroscopic and simulation techniques.
  • Elucidate the impact of polymer concentration and tracer-polymer interactions on diffusion dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Employing fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to monitor tracer movement.
  • Utilizing coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to model polymer solution behavior.

Main Results:

  • Crowding effects from excluded volume interactions cause a concentration-dependent slowdown of tracers.
  • Specific tracer-polymer attractions induce significant slowdown at lower concentrations and reveal a secondary diffusion component.
  • The observed diffusion components are resolvable by FCS when tracer displacement in the bound state exceeds the focal spot size.

Conclusions:

  • Tracer dynamics serve as a sensitive probe for the nature and strength of polymer-tracer interactions.
  • Chain connectivity plays a critical role in influencing tracer dynamics, even for local interactions.