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Obesity

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

Metabolic States of the Body: The Absorptive State

During the absorptive state, which lasts approximately four hours after a meal, the body absorbs nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract. The carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids we consume are broken down into monosaccharides, amino acids, and free fatty acids for absorption. While carbohydrates and proteins are absorbed as-is, lipids are absorbed in their broken-down forms and then re-esterified into triglycerides within enterocytes before being packaged into chylomicrons. These absorbed...

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

Metabolic States of the Body: The Postabsorptive State

The postabsorptive state usually starts about four hours after a meal and lasts until the next meal is eaten. During this time, the digestive system stops absorbing nutrients, and the body uses stored energy reserves to maintain stable blood glucose levels.
Initially, glycogen stored in the liver is broken down to release glucose into the bloodstream, while glycogen in the muscles is broken down to supply glucose for energy directly within the muscle cells. As glycogen stores diminish,...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Current mapping of obesity.

Carmen Pérez Rodrigo

Nutricion Hospitalaria

|September 10, 2013

Summary

Obesity is a growing global health concern, increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases. While the epidemic

Area of Science:

Public Health
Epidemiology
Global Health

Background:

Obesity is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers.
The global prevalence of obesity has nearly doubled between 1980 and 2008, with significant regional variations.
Specific countries like Tonga, Nauru, and Cook Islands exhibit the highest obesity rates globally.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the trends and patterns of the global obesity epidemic.
To identify regions and populations most affected by rising overweight and obesity rates.
To examine the socio-economic factors associated with obesity across different income levels.

Main Methods:

Analysis of global health data from 1980 to 2008, with updated information on recent trends.

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Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: April 4, 2012

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Multidisciplinary Approach to Obesity Management: A Case Report

Published on: May 30, 2025

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Segmentation and Measurement of Fat Volumes in Murine Obesity Models Using X-ray Computed Tomography

Published on: April 4, 2012

Examination of obesity prevalence across different countries, regions, and demographic groups (gender, age).

Investigation of the relationship between socio-economic status and obesity, particularly in children.

Main Results:

Over 50% of women are overweight in regions like Europe, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the Americas.
China and the US saw the largest absolute increase in overweight/obese individuals; Central/Southern Latin America and Oceania saw the largest increase in female obesity.
Obesity prevalence is shifting, with higher rates in better-off populations in low-income countries and an inverse association with socio-economic status in developed nations.

Conclusions:

The global obesity epidemic continues to be a major public health challenge, particularly affecting children and adolescents in developed and transitioning economies.
While the epidemic's progression has slowed in some areas, the overall prevalence remains high, necessitating targeted interventions.
Understanding the socio-economic gradient of obesity is crucial for developing effective public health strategies.