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Related Concept Videos

Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

Antimicrobial Proteins

Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
Interferons
Interferons (IFNs) are proteins produced by lymphocytes, macrophages, and fibroblasts infected with viruses. While IFNs cannot prevent viruses from entering and...
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Antimicrobial Effectiveness

The effectiveness of antimicrobial agents depends on various factors influencing their ability to eliminate microbial populations. Larger microbial populations require more time for complete eradication, emphasizing the importance of population size analysis when evaluating antimicrobial efficacy.Microbial resistance to antimicrobial agents varies significantly. Highly resilient microorganisms include endospores, gram-negative bacteria, and non-enveloped viruses, while prions are exceptionally...
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Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Anthelminthic Agents01:15

Anthelminthic Agents

Anthelmintic drugs differ significantly from antiparasitic therapies targeting protozoa, primarily due to differences in parasite biology. Whereas most protozoal treatments act on proliferating cells, anthelmintics are typically directed against mature, nonproliferative helminths. The therapeutic approach considers the helminth's reliance on neuromuscular coordination, glucose metabolism, and microtubular integrity for survival, reproduction, and localization within the host. Most anthelmintics...
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Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...

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Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects
06:42

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects

Published on: September 27, 2024

Antimicrobial drugs.

Daniel E Becker1

  • 1Associate Director of Education, General Dental Practice Residency, Miami Valley Hospital, Dayton, Ohio.

Anesthesia Progress
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibiotics are crucial in dentistry for treating orofacial infections and preventing them in specific cases. This review covers key pharmacological and therapeutic aspects for effective antibiotic use in dental practice.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Preparation of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and the Evaluation of their Antibacterial Effects
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Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications
08:08

Antimicrobial Characterization of Advanced Materials for Bioengineering Applications

Published on: August 4, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Antibiotics are essential tools in managing orofacial infections within dental practice.
  • Their application extends to both treating existing infections and providing prophylaxis for specific medical conditions and surgical procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacological considerations for antibiotic use in dental infections.
  • To outline therapeutic strategies for the appropriate application of antibiotics in dentistry.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pharmacological and therapeutic principles.
  • Analysis of antibiotic usage guidelines in dental practice.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of antibiotic classes, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties relevant to dental infections.
  • Guidance on selecting appropriate antibiotics, dosage, duration, and prophylaxis protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Proper antibiotic selection and judicious use are critical for successful management of dental infections and prevention of resistance.
  • Understanding pharmacological and therapeutic principles ensures optimal patient outcomes and minimizes adverse effects.