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Published on: September 19, 2015
The influence of the extend of isolated palatal cleft on craniofacial morphology
Hiroshi Iwasaki1, Motonori Kudo2, Yuko Yamamoto3
1Clinic of Orthodontic, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Dental Clinical Division, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido University, Kita 14-jo Nishi 5-chome, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8648, Japan.
Insights
The extent of cleft palate in children impacts craniofacial development. Larger clefts correlate with a shorter maxilla and posterior positioning of its anterior part, affecting facial structure.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial morphology
- Pediatric dentistry
- Cleft lip and palate research
Background:
- Cleft palate is a common congenital condition affecting facial development.
- The severity of cleft palate can influence craniofacial growth patterns.
- Understanding these influences is crucial for effective treatment planning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between the extent of cleft palate and craniofacial morphology in prepubertal children.
- To compare cephalometric measurements of children with varying degrees of cleft palate.
- To identify specific morphological changes associated with different cleft extents.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cephalometric analysis of Japanese girls aged 9 years.
- Comparison of three groups: cleft soft palate (CSP), cleft soft and hard palate not reaching incisive foramen (CPNIF), and cleft soft and hard palate reaching incisive foramen (CPIF).
- Exclusion of participants who received dentofacial orthopaedic treatment.
Main Results:
- The maxilla was significantly shorter in the CPNIF group compared to the CSP group.
- In the CPIF group, the anterior maxilla was positioned more posteriorly, and the maxillary body was significantly smaller than in the CPNIF group.
- These findings indicate a correlation between cleft extent and maxillary hypoplasia.
Conclusions:
- Increased extent of cleft palate in prepubertal children is associated with greater maxillary shortening and posterior positioning of the anterior maxilla.
- The findings highlight the impact of cleft severity on craniofacial development.
- Further research can inform tailored interventions for improved outcomes.
Purpose:
The aim of this study was to determine what influence that extent of cleft may have on craniofacial morphology in children with a cleft palate by retrospectively comparing craniofacial morphologies in age-matched prepubertal children.
Materials And Methods:
Using a retrospective study design, we compared the craniofacial morphology cephalometrically, of 14 Japanese girls at age 9 years with a cleft soft palate (Group_CSP), with 13 age-matched Japanese girls with cleft soft and hard palate, not extending as far as the incisive foramen (Group_CPNIF), and 12 age-matched Japanese girls with cleft soft and hard palate, extending as far as the incisive foramen (Group_CPIF), living in the same region (Hokkaido, Japan). None of them had received dentofacial orthopaedic treatment. P < .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results:
In Group_CPNIF, the maxilla was significantly short (P < .05), the anterior parts of the maxilla being retruded (P < .05), compared with Group_CSP and, compared with Group_CPNIF, in Group_CPIF, anterior part of the maxilla was positioned posteriorly (P < .05), the maxillary body was significantly smaller (P < .01).
Conclusions:
This study suggests that in prepubertal children, as the congenital defect in the tissue of the palate extended, the shortness in the anteroposterior maxillary length, accompanying anterior part of the maxilla in posterior position, was more marked.
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