Primary somatosensory cortical plasticity and tactile temporal discrimination in focal hand dystonia

To investigate whether theta burst stimulation (TBS) applied over primary somatosensory cortex (S1) modulates somatosensory temporal discrimination threshold (STDT) and writing performances in patients with focal hand dystonia (FHD).

Twelve patients with FHD underwent STDT testing and writing tasks before and after intermittent, continuous, or sham TBS (iTBS, cTBS, sham TBS) over S1 contralateral to the affected hand. Twelve healthy subjects underwent iTBS and cTBS over S1 and STDT values were tested on the right hand before and after TBS.

Baseline STDT values were higher in patients than in healthy subjects on both the affected and unaffected hand. In patients and healthy subjects iTBS decreased, whereas cTBS increased STDT values and did so to a similar extent in both groups. In patients, although STDT values decreased after iTBS, they did not normalize. S1 modulation did not improve the writing performance.

In patients, S1 responds normally to protocols inducing homotopic synaptic plasticity. The inhibitory interneuron activity responsible for STDT is altered.

The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying abnormal temporal discrimination differ from those responsible for motor symptoms in FHD.