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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Intraoperative Ultrasound in Spinal Surgery
05:53

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Published on: August 17, 2022

Spinal inclusion cysts.

Dominic N P Thompson1

  • 1Department of Paediatric Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, WC1N 3 JH, UK. Dominic.Thompson@gosh.nhs.uk

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Spinal inclusion cysts, often linked to developmental anomalies, can cause mass effect or infection. Complete surgical excision in children leads to a low recurrence rate with minimal long-term adverse outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Dermoid and epidermoid tumors, classified as inclusion cysts, are distinct entities of developmental origin.
  • Spinal inclusion cysts can be intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, or extraspinal.
  • Controversy exists regarding the terminology, etiology, radiology, and optimal management of spinal inclusion cysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively review surgical cases of pediatric spinal inclusion cysts from a single institution.
  • To discuss this experience in the context of existing literature.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 16 pediatric cases treated between 2002 and 2012.
  • Analysis of associated anomalies, lesion characteristics, treatment outcomes, and follow-up data.

Main Results:

  • Sixteen pediatric spinal inclusion cysts were treated, with common associated anomalies including dermal sinus tracts and myelomeningocele.
  • Complete macroscopic excision was achieved in all cases.
  • Sphincter dysfunction occurred in four cases, particularly those with prior myelomeningocele or active infection; no recurrences were noted during a median follow-up of 7.4 years.

Conclusions:

  • Spinal inclusion cysts in children are often associated with dysraphic anomalies.
  • Distinguishing between dermoid and epidermoid cysts based on clinical or radiological features is unreliable.
  • Complete macroscopic resection is crucial for achieving a low recurrence rate, with potential for mass effect or infection-related symptoms.