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Published on: October 30, 2013
Association between the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 +49A/G polymorphism and bladder cancer risk
Lei Wang1, Guixiang Su, Xinghua Zhao
1Department of Urology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Tongbai Road 195, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
Abstract:
Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a potent immunoregulatory molecule that suppresses antitumor response by downregulating T cell activation. The most studied CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism has been associated with various cancers risks. However, little is known about the association between CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in 300 patients with bladder cancer and 300 healthy controls matched with age and sex. The CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism was genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Patients with bladder cancer had a significantly lower frequency of CTLA-4 +49GG genotype [odds ratio (OR) = 0.44, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.23, 0.85; P = 0.01] and G allele (OR = 0.73, 95 % CI = 0.56, 0.96; P = 0.02) than healthy controls. When stratifying by the stage, grade, and histological type of bladder cancer, we found no statistical association. This is the first study to highlight the significant association between CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and bladder cancer risk. Additional studies are needed to confirm this finding.
Insights
The Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) +49A/G polymorphism may be associated with reduced bladder cancer risk. Individuals with the CTLA-4 +49GG genotype or G allele showed lower frequencies in bladder cancer patients compared to controls.
Area of Science:
- Immunogenetics
- Cancer Epidemiology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is a key regulator of T-cell activation, crucial in immune responses against tumors.
- The CTLA-4 +49A/G single nucleotide polymorphism is linked to various cancer risks, but its role in bladder cancer remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and the risk of developing bladder cancer.
Main Methods:
- A hospital-based case-control study involving 300 bladder cancer patients and 300 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
- Genotyping of the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).
Main Results:
- A significantly lower frequency of the CTLA-4 +49GG genotype (OR=0.44, P=0.01) and the G allele (OR=0.73, P=0.02) was observed in bladder cancer patients compared to healthy controls.
- No significant association was found when stratifying results by bladder cancer stage, grade, or histological type.
Conclusions:
- This study suggests a potential protective association between the CTLA-4 +49A/G polymorphism and bladder cancer risk.
- Further research is warranted to validate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
