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Related Concept Videos

The Significance of Membrane Transport01:44

The Significance of Membrane Transport

The transport of solutes across the cell membrane is essential for metabolic processes, like maintaining cell size and volume, generating the action potential, exchanging nutrients and gases, etc. Membrane transport can be either passive or active. It can be simple diffusion, facilitated, or mediated transport aided by transport proteins such as transporters and channels.
Transporters facilitate either an active or passive movement of solutes. They can allow a single-molecule transport down its...
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
Secondary Active Transport01:32

Secondary Active Transport

One example of how cells use the energy contained in electrochemical gradients is demonstrated by glucose transport into cells. The ion vital to this process is sodium (Na+), which is typically present in higher concentrations extracellularly than in the cytosol. Such a concentration difference is due, in part, to the action of an enzyme "pump" embedded in the cellular membrane that actively expels Na+ from a cell. Importantly, as this pump contributes to the high concentration of...
Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport01:19

Drug Absorption Mechanism: Carrier-Mediated Membrane Transport

Certain large, lipid-insoluble drug molecules that resemble amino acids, peptides, or glucose, require specialized carrier proteins to facilitate their diffusion across cell membranes. This transport can occur through either facilitated diffusion, which does not require energy input, or active transport, which does require energy input.
Facilitated diffusion is a passive process that utilizes human Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters. These transporters bind to the drug, undergo structural...
Allosteric Proteins-ATCase01:19

Allosteric Proteins-ATCase

Binding sites linkages can regulate a protein's function.  For example, enzyme activity is often regulated through a feedback mechanism where the end product of the biochemical process serves as an inhibitor.
Aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the condensation of L-aspartate and carbamoyl phosphate to  N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate. This reaction is the first step in pyrimidine biosynthesis. UTP and CTP, the end products of the pyrimidine synthesis pathway,...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Biochemical and Structural Characterization of the Carbohydrate Transport Substrate-binding-protein SP0092
08:53

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Published on: October 2, 2017

Characterisation of CMP-sialic acid transporter substrate recognition.

Andrea Maggioni1, Mark von Itzstein, Ingrid Bibiana Rodríguez Guzmán

  • 1Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus Queensland, 4222 (Australia).

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified key amino acids in the CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) responsible for substrate specificity. This structural insight aids understanding transporter function and designing new inhibitors.

Keywords:
CMP-sialic acid transporterNMR spectroscopynucleotide sugar transporterssialic acidssite-directed mutagenesis

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

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08:53

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08:31

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Published on: April 10, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Structural Biology
  • Molecular Transport

Background:

  • CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) is crucial for cellular sialylation.
  • Understanding CST substrate specificity is vital for biological processes and therapeutic development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the structural basis of CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) substrate specificity.
  • To identify specific amino acid residues critical for CST function.

Main Methods:

  • Multidisciplinary structural analysis.
  • Amino acid residue identification.
  • Structure-function relationship studies.

Main Results:

  • Identified specific amino acid residues directly involved in CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) substrate binding.
  • Detailed structural insights into the transporter's active site.

Conclusions:

  • The identified residues are key determinants of CMP-sialic acid transporter (CST) substrate specificity.
  • Findings contribute to understanding transporter mechanisms and designing targeted inhibitors.