Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots

Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.

Meristems and Plant Growth

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

Cell Signaling in Plants

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...

C4 Pathway and CAM

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Interactions Between Signaling Pathways

Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Response time and encoding strength: Moderating the choice similarity effect.

Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)·2025

Same author

Detecting children's true and false denials of wrongdoing: Effects of question type and base rate knowledge.

Behavioral sciences & the law·2020

Same author

Brassinosteroid-independent function of BRI1/CLV1 chimeric receptors.

Functional plant biology : FPB·2020

Same author

Genetic interactions reveal the antagonistic roles of FT/TSF and TFL1 in the determination of inflorescence meristem identity in Arabidopsis.

The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology·2019

Same author

Distilling the Confidence-Accuracy Message: A Comment on Wixted and Wells (2017).

Psychological science in the public interest : a journal of the American Psychological Society·2017

Same author

Estimating the reliability of eyewitness identifications from police lineups.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2015

Same journal

Zebrafish models of acute leukemias: Current models and future directions.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology·2020

Same journal

Schwann cell development: From neural crest to myelin sheath.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology·2020

Same journal

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived lung organoids: Potential applications in development and disease modeling.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology·2020

Same journal

The macro and micro of chromosome conformation capture.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology·2020

Same journal

Single-cell RNA sequencing in Drosophila: Technologies and applications.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology·2020

Same journal

Proximity-dependent labeling methods for proteomic profiling in living cells: An update.

Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Developmental biology·2020

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Published on: March 29, 2019

Core pathways controlling shoot meristem maintenance.

Chunghee Lee¹, Steven E Clark

¹Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology

|September 10, 2013

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plant shoot meristems rely on stem cells that remain undifferentiated. Signaling pathways between stem cells and their niche are crucial for maintaining meristem structure and plant growth.

More Related Videos

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Published on: May 23, 2020

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Published on: March 20, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Confocal Live Imaging of Shoot Apical Meristems from Different Plant Species

Published on: March 29, 2019

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Published on: May 23, 2020

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Imaging Spatial Reorganization of a MAPK Signaling Pathway Using the Tobacco Transient Expression System

Published on: March 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Plant biology
Developmental biology
Stem cell research

Background:

Shoot meristems are vital plant structures responsible for continuous organ formation.
Stem cells within meristems must remain undifferentiated to ensure perpetual growth.
The stem cell niche, a dynamic population of cells, signals to maintain meristem stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key signaling pathways governing plant shoot meristem maintenance.
To explore mechanisms preventing stem cell differentiation and regulating chromatin status.
To highlight the intersection of hormone signaling with meristematic growth.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent progress in plant systems, particularly Arabidopsis.
Analysis of well-studied genetic and molecular pathways.
Focus on intercellular signaling and gene regulation within the meristem.

Main Results:

Numerous genes controlling meristem structure and maintenance have been identified.
Signaling pathways between stem cells and the niche prevent ectopic differentiation.
Chromatin regulation and hormone signaling are integral to meristem maintenance.

Conclusions:

Understanding stem cell-niche interactions is critical for plant development.
Specific pathways ensure the undifferentiated state and proliferative capacity of meristem cells.
Future research directions include dissecting hormone crosstalk in meristem regulation.