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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

Overview
Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Cellular Phase

The cellular phase of acute inflammation is a tightly orchestrated sequence of events that recruits leukocytes, primarily neutrophils, to sites of tissue injury or infection. Following the initial vascular changes, this phase ensures effective immune cell migration, activation, and function at the affected site to eliminate pathogens and initiate tissue repair.Leukocyte Recruitment CascadeLeukocyte recruitment happens in four steps: margination, adhesion, transmigration, and chemotaxis. Reduced...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation
12:55

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Published on: December 9, 2021

Processes of sterile inflammation.

Hua Shen1, Daniel Kreisel, Daniel Robert Goldstein

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Sterile inflammation, lacking infection, involves innate immune pathways. Understanding its molecular triggers and signaling is key to developing new treatments for various diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Sterile inflammation is implicated in acute conditions like ischemia reperfusion injury and chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis.
  • The precise triggers and signal transduction pathways for sterile inflammation remain incompletely understood.
  • Innate immune pathways sensing infection are often involved, but distinct sterile inflammation pathways also exist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying sterile inflammation.
  • To identify the triggers and signaling pathways involved in sterile inflammation.
  • To explore the balance between inflammatory and resolution pathways in determining immune pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on sterile inflammation.

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Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
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Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation
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A Microphysiological System to Study Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Interaction during Inflammation

Published on: December 9, 2021

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues
06:38

Induction of Ocular Surface Inflammation and Collection of Involved Tissues

Published on: August 4, 2022

Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation
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Intravenous Endotoxin Challenge in Healthy Humans: An Experimental Platform to Investigate and Modulate Systemic Inflammation

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  • Analysis of innate immune pathways in non-infectious inflammatory conditions.
  • Investigation of molecular signaling in diseases associated with sterile inflammation.

    • Main Results:

    • Sterile inflammation is a common feature across diverse acute and chronic diseases.
    • While shared with infectious pathways, unique signaling mechanisms contribute to sterile inflammation.
    • The outcome of sterile inflammation, whether pathological or resolving, depends on the interplay of specific molecular pathways.

    Conclusions:

    • Further research into the molecular mechanisms of sterile inflammation is crucial.
    • Identifying these mechanisms will pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies.
    • Targeting sterile inflammation pathways offers potential for treating a wide spectrum of diseases.