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Related Concept Videos

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions01:17

Phase II Reactions: Methylation Reactions

Methylation is a phase II biotransformation process involving the attachment of a methyl group to a substrate. Enzymes known as methyltransferases orchestrate this reaction.
The mechanism of methylation unfolds in two stages. The first stage sees a methyltransferase enzyme facilitating the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to the substrate, forming S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH). The second stage involves further metabolism of SAH into homocysteine, which can be recycled...
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids

Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Making the most of methylation.

Michiel Vermeulen1

  • 1is at the Department of Molecular Cancer Research , University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands m.vermeulen-3@umcutrecht.nl.

Elife
|September 10, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Many human transcription factors specifically bind to methylated promoter DNA sequences. This discovery was made using a high-throughput protein microarray screening method.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification regulating gene expression.
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are crucial proteins that control gene transcription.
  • Understanding TF-DNA interactions is fundamental to gene regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interaction between human transcription factors and methylated DNA sequences.
  • To identify specific transcription factors that recognize methylated promoter regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a high-throughput screening approach.
  • Employed a protein microarray platform for large-scale interaction analysis.
  • Tested interactions between a wide range of human transcription factors and promoter DNA.
Keywords:
DNA methylationHumanepigeneticsprotein microarrayprotein-DNA interactionstranscription factorstranscription regulation

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Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing
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DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

Published on: October 21, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
09:42

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

Published on: September 7, 2017

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing
08:38

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: February 24, 2015

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis
12:34

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

Published on: October 21, 2011

Main Results:

  • Identified numerous human transcription factors that exhibit specific binding to methylated promoter sequences.
  • Demonstrated that DNA methylation can influence transcription factor recognition and binding affinity.
  • Revealed a previously underappreciated layer of gene regulation mediated by TF-methylated DNA interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Human transcription factors can specifically recognize and bind to methylated DNA.
  • This interaction adds a new dimension to understanding epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
  • The findings have implications for studying gene regulation, development, and diseases associated with aberrant DNA methylation.