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Sea ice ecosystems.

Kevin R Arrigo1

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Polar sea ice hosts diverse life, from microbes to fish, within its brine. Declining sea ice extent may reduce the contribution of ice algae to polar ecosystems.

Area of Science:

  • Marine biology
  • Polar ecosystems
  • Sea ice ecology

Background:

  • Polar sea ice represents a significant global ecosystem.
  • The brine within sea ice supports a wide range of organisms, including archaea, fish, and invertebrates.
  • Organisms in this environment tolerate high salinity and low temperatures, thriving in milder conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the biodiversity and ecological role of the polar sea ice ecosystem.
  • To highlight the importance of ice algae and their contribution to the food web.
  • To assess the potential impact of declining sea ice on this ecosystem.

Main Methods:

  • Observational studies of sea ice communities.
  • Analysis of organismal tolerance to environmental conditions.

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  • Assessment of organic matter contribution and food web dynamics.

    • Main Results:

    • Sea ice brine supports diverse life, with protists dominating biomass and diatoms forming key algal communities.
    • Ice algae thrive at the ice/water interface and in flooded layers, especially during spring.
    • The ecosystem provides sustenance for various animals, with uneaten matter supporting benthic communities.

    Conclusions:

    • The sea ice ecosystem is a crucial component of polar environments.
    • Ice algae play a vital role in the sea ice food web.
    • Decreasing sea ice extent is projected to diminish the role of ice algae in polar primary production.