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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

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Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Back Mechanical Sensitivity Assessment in the Rat for Mechanistic Investigation of Chronic Back Pain
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Published on: August 30, 2022

Mechanical low back pain--a rheumatologist's view.

David Borenstein1

  • 1George Washington University Medical Centre, Arthritis and Rheumatism Associates, 2021 K Street, NW Suite 300, Washington, DC 20006, USA.

Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
|September 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Low back pain is common, often mechanical, and usually diagnosed without advanced tests. While most cases resolve, some persist, with treatments offering limited long-term relief.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Orthopedics
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Low back pain is a prevalent health issue evaluated by rheumatologists.
  • Differentiating mechanical from rare systemic causes of back pain is challenging.
  • Mechanical back pain is common, often age-related, and typically diagnosed without initial advanced testing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an organized approach for diagnosing low back pain.
  • To differentiate mechanical low back pain from rare systemic disorders.
  • To discuss diagnostic strategies and therapeutic options for low back pain.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic approaches for low back pain.
  • Categorization of back pain into mechanical and systemic types.

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  • Evaluation of nonpharmacological, pharmacological, and surgical treatment efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • Mechanical low back pain is the most common form, often diagnosed without costly tests.
    • Most low back pain episodes resolve spontaneously.
    • Therapeutic interventions, including surgery, have limitations in resolving persistent or recurring back pain.

    Conclusions:

    • An organized diagnostic approach is crucial for low back pain management.
    • Non-surgical treatments are preferred for muscle injuries and osteoarthritis.
    • While surgery can offer rapid relief for conditions like disc herniation, its long-term benefits may diminish.