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Related Concept Videos

Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Electrochemical Cells01:28

Electrochemical Cells

Electrochemical cells are systems that convert chemical energy into electrical energy or use electrical energy to drive chemical reactions. They consist of two electrodes in contact with an electrolyte, where redox reactions enable electron transfer. Most electrochemical cells include two half-cells connected by an external wire for electron flow and a salt bridge for ion flow. The salt bridge contains an electrolyte solution and maintains charge neutrality by allowing ions—not electrons—to...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods01:17

Controlled-Potential Coulometry: Electrolytic Methods

Controlled-potential coulometry, also known as potentiostatic coulometry, employs a three-electrode system in which the working electrode's potential is precisely regulated using a potentiostat. Platinum working electrodes are utilized for positive potentials, while mercury pool electrodes are favored for extremely negative potentials. The platinum counter electrode is separated from the analyte using a membrane or salt bridge to avoid interference in the analysis.
The chosen potential ensures...
Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
09:36

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Published on: September 12, 2018

Life testing of LSM-YSZ composite electrodes under reversing-current operation.

Gareth A Hughes1, Kyle Yakal-Kremski, Scott A Barnett

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208, USA. s-barnett@northwestern.edu.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Lower current densities and reversing-current operation enhance solid oxide cell (SOC) electrode durability. Testing showed that high current densities (1.5 A cm(-2)) caused degradation, unlike lower densities (0.5 A cm(-2)).

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Solid oxide cells (SOCs) are crucial for energy conversion but electrode durability remains a challenge.
  • Understanding degradation mechanisms under various operating conditions is vital for improving SOC lifetime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the durability of (La0.8Sr0.2)0.98MnO3-δ-Zr0.84Y0.16O2-γ (LSM-YSZ) electrodes in SOCs.
  • To compare performance under reversing-current and constant-current operation modes at different current densities and cycle periods.

Main Methods:

  • Symmetric LSM-YSZ SOCs were tested at 800 °C in air.
  • Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) was used to measure ohmic and polarization resistance.
  • Post-test Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyzed electrode delamination.

Main Results:

  • Cells tested at 1.5 A cm(-2) showed continuous resistance increase, linked to electrode delamination.
  • Cells tested at 0.5 A cm(-2) exhibited no significant resistance increase or delamination.
  • Reducing current density and using shorter current cycle periods (1h vs 12h) mitigated degradation at 1.5 A cm(-2).

Conclusions:

  • High current densities accelerate degradation in LSM-YSZ electrodes.
  • Electrode delamination at the electrolyte interface is a key failure mechanism.
  • Optimizing operation to lower current densities and employ reversing-current modes is recommended for extended SOC lifespan.