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Implementation of In Vitro Drug Resistance Assays: Maximizing the Potential for Uncovering Clinically Relevant Resistance Mechanisms

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Field-evolved resistance: assessing the problem and ways to move forward.

Douglas V Sumerford¹, Graham P Head, Anthony Shelton

¹Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63167, USA. douglas.v.sumerford@monsanto.com

Journal of Economic Entomology

|September 12, 2013

Summary

Field-evolved resistance in Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops shows varied forms due to inconsistent detection methods. Most cases of insect resistance to Bt toxins can still be managed effectively.

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Area of Science:

Agricultural Entomology
Molecular Entomology
Pest Management

Background:

Field-evolved resistance is a genetically based decrease in pest susceptibility to toxins following field exposure.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) crops have reported instances of field-evolved resistance in target insect populations.
Inconsistent application of resistance definitions complicates understanding Bt crop efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To clarify the definition and application of field-evolved resistance in the context of Bt crops.
To analyze the variability in resistance detection methods and ecological factors influencing resistance.
To assess the manageability of insect resistance to Bt toxins.

Main Methods:

Review and analysis of case studies reporting insect resistance to Bt crops.
Examination of differences in resistance detection methodologies.
Evaluation of ecological interactions between pests and Bt crops, and encountered toxin doses.

Main Results:

Field-evolved resistance to Bt crops does not manifest in a single, uniform manner.
Variability in resistance is influenced by detection methods, pest ecology, and effective dose.
Most reported instances of resistance to Bt toxins remain manageable.

Conclusions:

Standardizing the definition and detection of field-evolved resistance is crucial for Bt crop management.
Understanding the diverse forms of resistance is key to developing sustainable pest control strategies.
Effective management strategies can mitigate the impact of insect resistance to Bt crops.