Optimization of high-efficiency hemodialysis by detection and correction of fistula dysfunction

Recirculation studies were performed in 103 patients treated with high-efficiency dialysis over a 14 month period. Fistulograms were performed on 22 out of 25 patients with greater than 0.15 fractional recirculation at a 400 ml/minute blood pump setting. Clinically significant abnormalities were found in 82% (N = 18) and treated in 17. Two patients had second episodes of elevated recirculations and were treated again within the period of follow-up. Treatment with angioplasty (N = 11) or surgical revision (N = 8) resulted in a fall in recirculation from 0.33 +/- 0.04 to 0.12 +/- 0.02 (P = 0.001). The fractional reduction of urea clearance due to recirculation fell from 0.20 +/- 0.03 to 0.08 +/- 0.02 (P = 0.001) and the effective urea clearance of the dialysis treatment rose by 16% from 193 +/- 7 ml/min to 224 +/- 6 ml/min (P = 0.001). Pre-dialysis BUN fell from 72 +/- 4 mg/100 ml to 62 +/- 3 mg/100 ml (P = 0.012). There was no correlation between venous pressure (VP) at 400 ml/min blood pump setting and recirculation (R2 = 0.04), although VP changed significantly comparing values before and after fistula repair (211 +/- 10 vs. 186 +/- 7 mm Hg, P = 0.012). Venous pressures in 20 of the patients in our dialysis unit with recirculations of less than 0.10 were 201 +/- 6 mm Hg (P = NS compared to patients with recirculation greater than or equal to 0.15 at 400 ml/min blood flow).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)