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Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
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Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed.

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

Published on: February 23, 2014

Paediatric asthma and pneumococcal vaccination.

Susanna Esposito¹, Alessandra Musio, Nicola Principi

¹Pediatric High Intensity Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.

|September 12, 2013

Summary

Asthma is a risk factor for pneumococcal infections. Current guidelines for pneumococcal vaccination in children with asthma are unclear, necessitating further research for optimal protection.

Keywords:

Adolescents Asthma Children Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Pneumococcal vaccine Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

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Published on: February 23, 2014

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Infectious Diseases
Immunology

Background:

Asthma is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for pneumococcal infections.
Current pneumococcal vaccination guidelines present inconsistencies regarding pediatric asthma management.
There is a lack of clarity on vaccine type and booster dose strategies for children with asthma.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of pneumococcal infection risk in children with asthma.
To discuss unresolved issues concerning pneumococcal vaccine use in pediatric asthma patients.
To highlight the need for further research on pediatric asthma and pneumococcal immunity.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing data on pneumococcal colonization and disease burden in asthmatic children.
Analysis of current recommendations from the Advisory Committee on Immunisation Practices.
Identification of knowledge gaps regarding immune responses to pneumococcal vaccines in pediatric asthma.

Main Results:

Limited published data exists on pneumococcal colonization and disease burden in asthmatic children and adolescents.
Inconsistencies noted in pneumococcal vaccination recommendations for children versus adults with asthma.
No data available on the relationship between pediatric asthma and immune responses to pneumococcal vaccines.

Conclusions:

Further research is essential to clarify the real risk of pneumococcal infections in children with asthma.
Studies are needed to determine the optimal pneumococcal vaccine and schedule for children with asthma.
Ensuring adequate protection against pneumococcal diseases in pediatric asthma populations requires more investigation.