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Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

Coping Strategies: Problem Focused

Coping strategies are methods people use to manage, tolerate, or reduce the effects of stressors. These strategies involve both behavioral and psychological actions to handle stressful situations. One common approach is problem-focused coping, which aims to change or eliminate the source of stress rather than merely addressing its consequences. This method involves taking direct action to resolve the issue causing stress.
For example, consider a student who struggles to understand their...

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused

Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed to...

Bullying

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

In- and Out-Groups

In- and Out-Groups

People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.

Social Anxiety Disorder

Social Anxiety Disorder

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Bystander Effect

Bystander Effect

The discussion of bullying highlights the problem of witnesses not intervening to help a victim. This is a common occurrence, as the following well-publicized event demonstrates. In 1964, in Queens, New York, a 19-year-old woman named Kitty Genovese was attacked by a person with a knife near the back entrance to her apartment building and again in the hallway inside her apartment building. When the attack occurred, she screamed for help numerous times and eventually died from her stab wounds.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

A focused attention intervention for coping with ostracism.

Mikaël Molet¹, Benjamin Macquet, Olivier Lefebvre

¹Department of Psychology, University of Lille, France.

Consciousness and Cognition

|September 12, 2013

Summary

Mindfulness training, or focused attention, helps individuals recover from ostracism by preventing rumination. This technique aids in coping with social exclusion and its negative impacts on fundamental needs.

Keywords:

Focused attention Ostracism Recovery

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Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Published on: November 15, 2014

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety

Published on: January 20, 2012

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Measuring Neural and Behavioral Activity During Ongoing Computerized Social Interactions: An Examination of Event-Related Brain Potentials

Published on: November 15, 2014

Area of Science:

Psychology
Social Psychology
Cognitive Psychology

Background:

Ostracism, or social exclusion, significantly impacts fundamental psychological needs.
These needs include belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaningful existence.
The distress from ostracism can be persistent and detrimental.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if focused attention training mitigates distress following ostracism.
To examine the role of mindfulness in coping with social exclusion.
To understand the mechanisms behind ostracism recovery.

Main Methods:

Participants received training in either focused or unfocused attention.
An online ball-tossing game (Cyberball) was used to induce ostracism.
Need satisfaction was measured immediately after and after a short delay.

Main Results:

Both groups experienced similar immediate distress from ostracism.
Participants trained in focused attention showed greater need satisfaction recovery after a delay.
Focused attention did not reduce immediate distress but aided in long-term recovery.

Conclusions:

Focused attention training can be a valuable tool for managing the after-effects of ostracism.
Mindfulness practices may help individuals disengage from negative social experiences.
Preventing rumination is key to recovering from social exclusion.