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Dialysis

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...

Dialysis

Dialysis

Dialysis is a diffusion-based purification process that separates analyte molecules from a complex matrix. This is accomplished by allowing molecules in the solution to pass through a semipermeable membrane into a liquid on the other side. The membrane is usually made of cellulose acetate or cellulose nitrate, and the second liquid must be miscible with the solution. Ions (e.g., chloride or sodium) or organic molecules (e.g., glucose) can pass through the membrane pores, which generally have...

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

Hemodialysis III: Nursing Management

The nursing management of a patient undergoing hemodialysis includes several critical steps, starting with a thorough assessment before the procedure.Before the Hemodialysis ProcedureFirst, record the patient's vital signs—blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature—to establish a baseline. This baseline is essential for detecting conditions such as hypotension that could impact the patient's response to dialysis. Document the patient's pre-dialysis weight, as this measurement...

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis I: Introduction

Hemodialysis (HD) is a medical treatment that artificially removes waste products, excess fluids, and toxins from the blood when the kidneys are no longer able to perform these functions effectively. In this process, blood is filtered through a semipermeable membrane, allowing for the selective removal of waste while preserving necessary components like blood cells and proteins. Hemodialysis is typically performed in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or severe kidney...

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

[When is the right time point to start dialysis?].

W Kleophas¹, L C Rump

¹Gemeinschaftspraxis Karlstraße Düsseldorf.

Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)

|September 12, 2013

Summary

Starting dialysis (CKD 5 D) has high mortality risks. New evidence suggests delaying dialysis until a lower GFR is safe for stable chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, improving survival outcomes.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Internal Medicine

Context:

The transition to dialysis (CKD 5 D) presents significant mortality risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
Historically, there was a trend towards earlier dialysis initiation.
Recent research questions the survival benefits of early dialysis initiation based solely on glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Purpose:

To evaluate the optimal timing for initiating dialysis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
To analyze the impact of GFR and clinical factors on dialysis initiation decisions.
To inform current guidelines on dialysis timing.

Summary:

Delaying dialysis to a lower GFR is feasible for stable CKD patients under close nephrological supervision.
Earlier dialysis initiation may be necessary for patients with cardiorenal syndrome or acute-on-chronic renal failure.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

A Retrograde Implantation Approach for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in Mice

Published on: July 20, 2022

Conservative treatment without dialysis should be considered for elderly patients.

Impact:

Current guidelines recommend individualized dialysis timing based on patient risk, symptoms, and underlying conditions, not just GFR.
This approach aims to optimize patient outcomes and mitigate risks associated with dialysis initiation.
Highlights the importance of personalized medicine in managing advanced chronic kidney disease.