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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field
06:52

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Physical and technical comparisons between various-sided games within professional soccer.

A L Owen1, D P Wong2, D Paul3

  • 1Sheffield United Football Club, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|September 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Small-sided games (SSGs) in soccer increase playing speed but reduce high-intensity efforts compared to larger formats. Different sided games show distinct physical and technical demands, with reliable outcomes for training periodization.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Soccer Performance Analysis
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Soccer training commonly utilizes various small-sided games (SSGs) to enhance player development.
  • Understanding the specific physical and technical demands of different SSG formats is crucial for effective periodization.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively compared the physical and technical outputs across a spectrum of SSG sizes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the technical activity and physical movement characteristics of small-, medium-, and large-sided games (SSGs, MSGs, LSGs) in professional soccer.
  • To assess the test-retest reliability of these different-sided games.
  • To provide data to inform the integration of SSGs into structured weekly training programs.

Main Methods:

  • Ten elite male soccer players participated in the study.
  • Players performed SSGs (4v4), MSGs (5v5 to 8v8), and LSGs (9v9 to 11v11), each lasting 3x5 minutes.
  • Technical actions (passes, dribbles, shots, headers) and physical movements (speed, high-intensity efforts, sprints) were recorded and analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Significant physical differences (p<0.05) were observed across SSGs, MSGs, and LSGs for most measured variables.
  • SSGs resulted in significantly faster playing speed (150.5 m.min⁻¹) compared to MSGs (108.3 m.min⁻¹) and LSGs (120.4 m.min⁻¹) (p<0.01).
  • LSGs elicited significantly more repeated high-intensity efforts, high-intensity running, and sprint distance compared to SSGs (p<0.01).
  • Significant differences (p<0.05) in technical demands (passes, dribbles, shots, headers) were found between the game formats.
  • High test-retest reliability (ICC=0.99) was achieved when maintaining consistent game-sidedness, pitch size, and possession rules.

Conclusions:

  • Different-sided games impose distinct physical and technical loads on elite soccer players.
  • SSGs promote higher playing speed, while LSGs better replicate the high-intensity demands of match play.
  • The high reliability of these SSGs supports their use in structured, periodized training schedules for soccer.