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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome III : Nursing Management

Nursing management for nephrotic syndrome adapts as the disease progresses, with strategies evolving to address advancing symptoms and complications.Early-Stage Management In the early stages, nursing interventions for nephrotic syndrome resemble those used in managing acute glomerulonephritis, focusing on symptom monitoring, fluid balance, and managing mild to moderate edema.Vital Signs: Regularly monitor blood pressure, pulse, respiratory rate, and temperature to promptly identify...
Dialysis01:27

Dialysis

Renal failure occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood effectively. It can be classified into two types: acute renal failure (ARF) and chronic renal failure (CRF).
Acute kidney injury develops suddenly and can be caused by pre-renal causes (e.g., hypovolemia, shock), intrinsic renal causes (e.g., acute tubular necrosis), or post-renal causes (e.g., urinary obstruction). In contrast, chronic renal failure progresses gradually over time and is often...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Scleroderma renal crisis.

Tamer Rezk1, Scott R Henderson, Bernadette Lynch

  • 1Core Medical Trainee in Nephrology in the UCL Centre for Nephrology, Royal Free Hospital, London.

British Journal of Hospital Medicine (London, England : 2005)
|September 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease causing skin hardening and connective tissue damage. It involves blood vessel issues and excess collagen, with limited or diffuse cutaneous forms.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune connective tissue disease.
  • Characterized by endothelial cell injury, vascular hyper-reactivity, and obliterative microvasculopathy.
  • Involves excess collagen deposition, primarily in the skin's dermis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the key characteristics of systemic sclerosis.
  • To describe the terminology used for sclerosis extent and location.
  • To differentiate the main clinical forms of the disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and classification systems.
  • Analysis of pathological hallmarks of systemic sclerosis.
  • Categorization based on clinical presentation and affected skin area.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
04:44

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease

Published on: June 16, 2020

Main Results:

  • Systemic sclerosis involves endothelial dysfunction and microvascular damage.
  • Excessive collagen deposition is a hallmark feature.
  • The disease presents mainly as limited cutaneous and diffuse cutaneous forms.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the varied terminology is crucial for accurate diagnosis.
  • The classification into limited and diffuse cutaneous forms aids in clinical management.
  • Systemic sclerosis is a complex autoimmune disorder with significant vascular and fibrotic components.