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Related Concept Videos

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Complications

Duodenal UlcersDuodenal ulcers are the most common form of peptic ulcer disease, presenting with chronic, intermittent epigastric pain. Pain typically appears 2–3 hours after meals, especially when the stomach is empty, often waking patients at night. It is characteristically relieved by food or antacids (“pain–food–relief”). Some patients remain asymptomatic until complications like bleeding or perforation emerge, particularly with NSAID or anticoagulant use.Gastric UlcersGastric ulcers share...
Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:28

Peptic Ulcer Disease III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) presents with diverse symptoms depending on the location and severity of the ulcer. Clinical manifestations of peptic ulcer include dull pain and a burning sensation in the mid-epigastric region.
Few clinical manifestations differentiate gastric ulcers from duodenal ulcers. Distinctions in the location, timing, and pain relief are crucial for healthcare providers in differentiating between gastric and duodenal ulcers during clinical assessments.
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) is characterized by mucosal excavation in the esophagus, stomach, pylorus, or duodenum. It can manifest as acute or chronic based on the extent and duration of mucosal involvement.
An acute ulcer, marked by superficial erosion and minimal inflammation, swiftly resolves upon identifying and addressing the underlying cause. In contrast, a chronic ulcer persists, potentially eroding through the muscular wall and forming fibrous tissue.
Peptic ulcers can also be...
Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction01:25

Peptic Ulcer Disease I: Introduction

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves breaks in the gastrointestinal tract's mucosal lining, primarily in the stomach and duodenum, with less frequent occurrences in the lower esophagus or near the pylorus.Ulcers can be acute or chronic. Acute ulcers are short-lived with minimal inflammation and heal quickly after the irritant is removed. Chronic ulcers persist, may recur, and often cause scarring due to ongoing tissue damage. Superficial erosions affect only the mucosal layer and are called...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:23

Gastritis III: Clinical Manifestations and Management

The clinical manifestations of gastritis can vary depending on the cause and type of gastritis, but some common symptoms may include the following.
Clinical manifestations of acute gastritis
The patient with acute gastritis may have a rapid onset of symptoms, such as epigastric pain or discomfort, dyspepsia, anorexia, hiccups, or nausea and vomiting, which can last from a few hours to a few days. Erosive or hemorrhagic gastritis may cause bleeding, which may manifest as blood in vomit or as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
06:40

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

Published on: June 29, 2019

Functional dyspepsia today.

Theodor Alexandru Voiosu1, Roxana Giurcan, Andrei Mihai Voiosu

  • 1Department of Gastroenterology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania ; "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.

Maedica
|September 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Functional dyspepsia (FD) affects 10-30% globally, causing upper abdominal pain and fullness. Its exact causes remain unclear, but treatments include lifestyle changes and medication.

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by symptoms like postprandial fullness and epigastric pain.
  • The global prevalence of FD ranges from 10% to 30%, yet its underlying pathophysiology is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of functional dyspepsia (FD).
  • To discuss the potential contributing factors and diagnostic criteria for FD.
  • To outline the primary therapeutic approaches for managing FD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on functional dyspepsia (FD).
  • Analysis of diagnostic criteria based on the Rome III classification.
  • Summary of reported etiological factors and treatment modalities.

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Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
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Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

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Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Published on: December 27, 2024

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management
06:40

The Dyspepsia Educational Tool As a Novel Aid in Dyspepsia Management

Published on: June 29, 2019

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
06:46

Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring

Published on: December 14, 2020

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
03:25

Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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Main Results:

  • FD presents with diverse upper abdominal symptoms, including early satiety and pain.
  • Potential contributing factors include motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, acid-related issues, H. pylori infection, and psychosocial elements.
  • Diagnosis is established by excluding other conditions using Rome III criteria.

Conclusions:

  • Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a prevalent condition with multifactorial origins.
  • Effective management involves lifestyle adjustments, H. pylori eradication, and pharmacotherapy with PPIs, prokinetics, or antidepressants.