Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis01:29

Urine Studies I: Urinalysis

Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties01:18

Urine: Physical and Chemical Properties

Urine comprises approximately 95% water and 5% solutes. The primary ingredient, apart from water, is urea - a byproduct of the breakdown of amino acids. Other notable components include uric acid, a residue from nucleic acid metabolism, and creatinine, a metabolite from creatine phosphate breakdown in skeletal muscle tissue.
The concentration of these solutes varies, with urea being the most abundant nitrogenous waste product. Other solutes include sodium, chloride, potassium, phosphate,...
Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution01:20

Physiology of the Genitourinary System III: Urine Concentration and Dilution

The kidneys concentrate or dilute urine to maintain water and electrolyte balance. Nephrons, particularly the loop of Henle, play a crucial role in this process through the countercurrent multiplication system. This system establishes a high osmolarity in the renal medulla, which is essential for water reabsorption. In the loop of Henle’s descending limb, water is reabsorbed into the surrounding medulla due to its permeability to water. In contrast, the ascending limb actively transports...
Physiology of Urine Formation01:24

Physiology of Urine Formation

Urine formation is an essential function of the human body. It plays a critical role in maintaining homeostasis by regulating the volume and composition of body fluids. The kidneys, the primary organs involved in this process, filter blood to remove waste products and excess substances, ultimately producing urine.
Glomerular Filtration
The first stage in urine formation is glomerular filtration. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, the functional units of filtration, with a...
Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
Formation of Dilute Urine01:20

Formation of Dilute Urine

The formation of dilute urine is a critical renal adaptation that maintains fluid balance, particularly during periods of high fluid intake. This process primarily involves the juxtamedullary nephrons. By adjusting the permeability of water and ions in response to physiological conditions, the kidneys can either conserve or excrete water, resulting in concentrated or dilute urine.
Filtrate Osmolarity in the PCT
Initially, as the filtrate passes through the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), its...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Fluxomics in precision nutrition: integrating dynamic metabolic profiling with multiomics.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)·2026
Same author

Identification of High-Performing Blood Metabolite Biomarkers of Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population.

Phenomics (Cham, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Automated, targeted, NMR spectral profiling of human breast milk.

Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society·2026
Same author

Serum metabolomic profiling reveals LysoPC/PC depletion as a potential biomarker to detect avian reoviral infection in neonatal broiler chickens.

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology·2026
Same author

The NMR Exchange Format (NEF): Specification and Applications.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

A scoring system for validity assessment of biomarkers of food intake.

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
09:28

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

Published on: June 25, 2010

The human urine metabolome.

Souhaila Bouatra1, Farid Aziat, Rupasri Mandal

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

Plos One
|September 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Researchers comprehensively characterized human urine metabolomics, identifying 445 metabolites using multiple platforms. This study enhances understanding of urine composition and disease associations, with data available online.

More Related Videos

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)
11:00

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Published on: May 20, 2013

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
09:28

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

Published on: June 25, 2010

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)
11:00

Untargeted Metabolomics from Biological Sources Using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS)

Published on: May 20, 2013

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics
14:18

A Strategy for Sensitive, Large Scale Quantitative Metabolomics

Published on: May 27, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Metabolomics
  • Biochemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Urine is a valuable biofluid for metabolomics due to its accessibility and complexity.
  • Understanding the full spectrum of urine metabolites is challenging due to poor characterization of many compounds.
  • Existing knowledge of urine composition is incomplete, hindering comprehensive analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To perform a comprehensive, quantitative, metabolome-wide characterization of human urine.
  • To identify and quantify a large number of human urine metabolites.
  • To create a publicly accessible database of urine metabolites and their associated information.

Main Methods:

  • Computer-aided literature mining to identify known urinary compounds.
  • Multi-platform experimental analysis including NMR spectroscopy, GC-MS, DFI/LC-MS/MS, ICP-MS, and HPLC.
  • Quantitative assessment and validation of identified metabolites.

Main Results:

  • Identification of 445 unique urine metabolites and quantification of 378.
  • NMR identified 209 metabolites, GC-MS identified 179, DFI/LC-MS/MS identified 127, ICP-MS identified 40, and HPLC identified 10.
  • Literature review identified an additional 2206 urinary compounds, contributing to a total of 2651 confirmed species.

Conclusions:

  • The multi-platform approach significantly enhanced metabolome coverage and identified novel urine metabolites.
  • Comparative analysis revealed the strengths and weaknesses of different metabolomic platforms.
  • A comprehensive online database of 2651 human urine metabolites is now available, aiding future research.