Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Quantification of the Immunosuppressant Tacrolimus on Dried Blood Spots Using LC-MS/MS
Published on: November 8, 2015
CYP2C9 and ABCG2 polymorphisms as risk factors for developing adverse drug reactions in renal transplant patients
Nikica Miroševic Skvrce1, Nada Božina, Lada Zibar
1Pharmacovigilance Unit, Agency for Medicinal Products & Medical Devices, Ksaverska Cesta 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Aim:
To investigate whether an association exists between fluvastatin-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and polymorphisms in genes encoding the metabolizing enzyme CYP2C9 and the drug transporter ABCG2 in renal transplant recipients (RTRs).
Materials & Methods:
Fifty-two RTRs that experienced fluvastatin ADRs and 52 controls matched for age, gender, dose of fluvastatin and immunosuppressive use were enrolled in the study. Genotyping for CYP2C9*2, *3 and ABCG2 421C>A variants was performed by real-time PCR.
Results:
CYP2C9 homozygous and heterozygous mutant allele (*2 or *3) carriers had 2.5-times greater odds of developing adverse effects (χ² = 4.370; degrees of freedom = 1; p = 0.037; φ = 0.21, odds ratio [OR]: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.05-5.71). Patients who were the carriers of at least one mutant CYP2C9 allele (*2 or *3) and who were receiving CYP2C9 inhibitors, had more than six-times greater odds of having adverse effects than those without the inhibitor included in their therapy (p = 0.027; OR: 6.59; 95% CI: 1.24-35.08). Patients with ABCG2 421CA or AA (taken together) had almost four-times greater odds of developing adverse effects than those with ABCG2 421CC genotype (χ² = 6.190; degrees of freedom = 1; p = 0.013; φ = 0.24, OR: 3.81; 95% CI: 1.27-11.45). Patients with A allele had 2.75-times (95% CI: 1.02-7.40) greater odds of developing adverse effects than those with C allele.
Conclusion:
Our preliminary data demonstrate an association between fluvastatin-induced ADRs in RTRs and genetic variants in the CYP2C9 and ABCG2 genes.
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase
Pharmacogenetics of Phase I Enzymes: Cytochrome P450 Isozymes
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Metabolism: Overview