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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...
Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

[Leg discoloration].

L Unger1, U Wollina, J Machetanz

  • 1Medizinische Klinik 1, Krankenhaus Dresden-Friedrichstadt, Städtisches Klinikum, Akademisches Lehrkrankenhaus der TU Dresden, Friedrichstr. 41, 01067, Dresden, Deutschland, unger-le@khdf.de.

Der Internist
|September 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Leg skin lesions often stem from venous insufficiency or infections like erysipelas. Differentiating immune-mediated conditions, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, and borreliosis is crucial for diagnosis.

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Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
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Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

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Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
13:37

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture

Published on: February 2, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.
05:46

A Proinflammatory, Degenerative Organ Culture Model to Simulate Early-Stage Intervertebral Disc Disease.

Published on: February 14, 2021

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration
06:22

Optical Sectioning and Visualization of the Intervertebral Disc from Embryonic Development to Degeneration

Published on: July 8, 2021

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture
13:37

Preparation of Intact Bovine Tail Intervertebral Discs for Organ Culture

Published on: February 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Pathology

Context:

  • Patients frequently present with leg skin lesions, including discolouration and non-ulcerating lesions.
  • Common causes include chronic venous insufficiency and other congestion states.
  • Bacterial infections like erysipelas (cellulitis) are also prevalent.

Purpose:

  • To review underlying diseases causing leg skin lesions.
  • To discuss diagnostic and differential diagnostic approaches.
  • To briefly touch upon therapeutic considerations.

Summary:

  • Leg skin lesions encompass a wide range of conditions, from chronic venous insufficiency and bacterial infections to complex immune-mediated diseases.
  • Differential diagnosis is challenging, involving inflammatory systemic diseases such as vasculitis, sarcoidosis, and borreliosis.
  • The review emphasizes disease identification, diagnosis, and differential diagnosis over treatment.

Impact:

  • Aids clinicians in diagnosing challenging leg skin lesions.
  • Improves understanding of the differential diagnosis for inflammatory and infectious dermatoses.
  • Provides a framework for approaching patients with complex skin manifestations.