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Published on: March 13, 2011
Holarctic genetic structure and range dynamics in the woolly mammoth
Eleftheria Palkopoulou1, Love Dalén, Adrian M Lister
1Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, , 10405 Stockholm, Sweden, Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, , Stockholm 10691, Sweden, Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, , London SW7 5BD, UK, Northeast Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Magadan 685000, Russia, Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, , Moscow 119071, Russia, Department of Forest Mycology and Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, , 10691 Uppsala, Sweden, Operational Direction 'Earth and History of Life', Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, , Vautierstraat 29, 1000 Brussels, Belgium, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, , Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK.
Ancient DNA reveals woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) population dynamics across the Holarctic. A new European lineage emerged and vanished, with significant expansions and a major decline in the Late Pleistocene.
Area of Science:
- Paleogenomics
- Paleontology
- Evolutionary Biology
Background:
- Ancient DNA studies offer insights into Pleistocene species' population histories.
- Spatially limited research hinders understanding of species-level biogeography.
- Woolly mammoth (Mammuthus primigenius) population dynamics remain incompletely understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To reconstruct the Holarctic population history of the woolly mammoth over the last 200,000 years.
- To identify major mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages and their geographic and temporal distribution.
- To infer demographic events and drivers of genetic divergence.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation across the woolly mammoth's Holarctic range.
- Coalescent simulations to model demographic history.
- Bayesian inference to assess population stability and decline.
Main Results:
- Identification of a novel European mtDNA lineage, later replaced by another around 32-34 kyr BP.
- Evidence for demographic expansions ~121 kyr BP, linked to interglacial periods.
- Inferred Eurasian expansion from America ~66 kyr BP, coinciding with Bering Land Bridge exposure.
- Demonstration of demographic stability in the Late Pleistocene until a sharp decline 20-15 kyr BP.
Conclusions:
- The last interglacial period significantly influenced mammoth demography and genetic divergence.
- Transcontinental migrations, including from America to Eurasia, shaped mammoth populations.
- A severe population bottleneck occurred in the Late Pleistocene, impacting woolly mammoth survival.
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