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MicroRNAs

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

Published on: September 14, 2010

MicroRNA expression profiles in Kaposi's sarcoma.

Ana Maria Catrina Ene¹, Ioana Borze, Mohamed Guled

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.

Pathology Oncology Research : POR

|September 13, 2013

Summary

This study identified 185 differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms driving KS development.

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Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus (KSHV)

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Published on: September 14, 2010

An In Vitro Model for Studying Cellular Transformation by Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus

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Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Immunofluorescence (IF) of Specific Gene Products in KSHV-Infected Cells

Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) and Immunofluorescence (IF) of Specific Gene Products in KSHV-Infected Cells

Published on: August 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Virology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumor etiologically linked to Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8).
The molecular and cytogenetic underpinnings of KS remain incompletely understood.
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are increasingly recognized as critical regulators in various cancers, including viral-associated malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the differential expression profiles of miRNAs in Kaposi's sarcoma.
To identify specific miRNAs that may play a role in the pathogenesis of KS.
To correlate miRNA expression with potential target genes involved in cellular processes relevant to KS.

Main Methods:

MicroRNA (miRNA) microarray analysis was performed on 17 Kaposi's sarcoma specimens and 3 normal skin controls.
Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was employed to validate the expression levels of key differentially expressed miRNAs.
Bioinformatic prediction of target genes for identified miRNAs was conducted to infer functional roles.

Main Results:

A total of 185 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between KS and normal skin samples (76 upregulated, 109 downregulated).
Significantly downregulated miRNAs included miR-99a, miR-200 family, miR-199b-5p, miR-100, and miR-335.
Upregulated viral miRNAs, notably kshv-miR-K12-4-3p and kshv-miR-K12-1, were confirmed by RT-PCR.
Predicted target genes are involved in angiogenesis and apoptosis, suggesting their involvement in KS pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

Distinct miRNA expression profiles characterize Kaposi's sarcoma.
Specific viral and host miRNAs are significantly dysregulated in KS, implicating them in disease development.
The identified miRNAs and their predicted targets provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of KS and may offer therapeutic targets.