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Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements01:28

Proteins: Dietary Sources and Requirements

Consuming animal-based products offers high-quality proteins that contain optimal levels and combinations of essential amino acids, crucial for tissue repair and growth. Foods like eggs, milk, fish, and most meats are a source of complete proteins. Legumes and cereals are abundant in proteins; however, they typically lack a full range of essential amino acids. As a result, they are considered incomplete protein sources. Some plant sources like soybeans, quinoa, and amaranth do contain complete...
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Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
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Proteins are the building block of life. They are also  the most abundant macromolecules with as many diverse roles in the body. They are part of many structural components that provide unique shapes and structures to animal cells, tissues, and organs. In addition, they also act as biological catalysts and carry out several anabolic and catabolic reactions. Notably, some proteins are chemical messengers and regulate many critical processes, such as metabolism, growth, and development. They are...
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

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Considerations for protein supplementation in warfighters.

Stuart M Phillips1

  • 1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.

The Journal of Nutrition
|September 13, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Adequate protein intake is essential for body protein synthesis. Higher protein consumption may benefit warfighters facing high physical and metabolic stress, preventing reduced function.

Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Human Physiology
  • Sports Nutrition

Background:

  • Dietary protein intake stimulates body protein synthesis, influenced by aminoacidemia and insulin.
  • Sedentary individuals in energy balance maintain nitrogen balance at 0.8 g protein/kg/day.
  • Optimal protein synthesis versus adequate nitrogen balance in stressed states remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if nitrogen balance equates to optimal protein synthesis.
  • To explore the impact of negative energy balance on lean mass and protein synthesis.
  • To establish a rationale for higher dietary protein intake in specific populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on protein metabolism.
  • Analysis of studies concerning energy balance, lean mass, and protein synthesis rates.

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  • Examination of physiological demands and nutritional strategies for warfighters.

    • Main Results:

    • Negative energy balance reduces lean mass and protein synthesis rates.
    • Higher protein intake (2-3 times RDA) can mitigate these reductions.
    • Inadequate long-term protein intake impairs metabolic, physiological, and physical function.

    Conclusions:

    • Consuming more than adequate protein may prevent maladaptation and accommodation to stress.
    • Warfighters in combat conditions are at risk for suboptimal protein intake due to high energy expenditure, voluntary restriction, and stress.
    • Higher dietary protein recommendations are warranted for warfighters during field operations, despite limited data on risks.