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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
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Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion II: Symptoms and Management

Pleural Effusion Overview
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Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax-II

Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax II: Pathophysiology

Pneumothorax means the presence of air in the pleural space — the thin potential gap between the visceral and parietal pleura. This condition disrupts the normal pressure balance that keeps the lungs inflated, leading to partial or complete collapse of the affected lung.Normal physiologyUnder normal conditions, the pleural space maintains a slightly negative intrapleural pressure, which keeps the lungs expanded against the chest wall. This negative pressure creates a delicate balance between...

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Pleural Disorders: Types and Brief Description

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Pleura of the Lungs

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Local Anesthetic Thoracoscopy for Undiagnosed Pleural Effusion

Published on: November 10, 2023

Diaphragmatic hernia masquerading as pleural effusion.

Z Nalladaru¹, A Wessels

¹Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The City Hospital, Dubai Health Care City, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

Nigerian Journal of Surgery : Official Publication of the Nigerian Surgical Research Society

|September 13, 2013

Summary

A rare case of diaphragmatic hernia, often caused by major trauma, presented late after a minor injury. Initial misdiagnosis as pleural effusion was corrected with computerized scanning.

Keywords:

CT scan Pleural effusion diaphragmatic hernia

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International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure

Published on: March 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Medical Case Reports
Trauma Surgery
Diagnostic Imaging

Background:

Diaphragmatic rupture is typically associated with severe blunt force trauma.
Delayed presentation of diaphragmatic hernias is uncommon, especially after seemingly minor incidents.

Observation:

A patient presented with symptoms initially attributed to left pleural effusion based on chest X-ray and ultrasound.
The patient's history included a recent, innocuous injury.

Findings:

Computerized scanning (CS) ultimately confirmed a diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia.
The hernia was a late presentation following a minor, non-catastrophic injury.

Implications:

This case highlights the importance of considering rare diagnoses like diaphragmatic hernia even after minor trauma.
Advanced imaging modalities like CS are crucial for accurate diagnosis when initial assessments are misleading.
Emphasizes the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation in cases of unexplained pleural effusion.