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Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their access...

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots

Published on: May 21, 2013

Mesenchymal stem cells in tissue repair.

Amy M Dimarino¹, Arnold I Caplan, Tracey L Bonfield

¹Department of Pediatrics, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University , Cleveland, OH , USA.

Frontiers in Immunology

|September 13, 2013

Summary

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies show promise for treating diseases. This review examines in vitro and in vivo assays to measure MSC potency and efficacy for clinical applications.

Keywords:

adult mesenchymal stem cells anti-inflammatory agents antimicrobial protein milieu therapy regenerative pharmacology

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Area of Science:

Regenerative Medicine
Cell Therapy
Biotechnology

Background:

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer innovative therapeutic potential for inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Clinical application of MSCs is hindered by challenges in measuring cell potency and fate.
Robust assays are crucial for quality control and assurance in MSC-based therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review in vitro and in vivo assays for assessing Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) function and activity.
To discuss the application of these assays in the clinical arena.
To highlight the importance of potency and efficacy measurements for MSC therapeutics.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on in vitro assays for MSC characterization.
Evaluation of in vivo models for assessing MSC efficacy and potency.
Discussion of standardization challenges for outcome measures in MSC research.

Main Results:

Various in vitro assays exist for evaluating MSC properties, but standardization remains a challenge.
In vivo efficacy and potency measurements require careful consideration of disease pathophysiology.
Newer concepts are emerging regarding MSCs' role in tissue regeneration and repair.

Conclusions:

Standardized and validated assays are essential for the successful clinical translation of MSC therapies.
Accurate assessment of MSC potency and efficacy is critical for predicting therapeutic outcomes.
Further research into MSC function and assay development will advance regenerative medicine.