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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
10:44

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation: a randomised controlled trial.

Christopher Bullen1, Colin Howe, Murray Laugesen

  • 1National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.

Lancet (London, England)
|September 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) showed modest effectiveness in helping smokers quit, similar to nicotine patches, with comparable safety profiles. More research is needed to determine their role in tobacco control.

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Published on: August 25, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) deliver nicotine and aid tobacco withdrawal, assisting smokers in quit attempts.
  • Smokers increasingly use e-cigarettes to support cessation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of nicotine e-cigarettes versus nicotine patches in aiding smokers to quit combustible tobacco.

Main Methods:

  • A pragmatic randomized controlled superiority trial involving adult smokers seeking to quit.
  • Participants were randomized to nicotine e-cigarettes, nicotine patches, or placebo e-cigarettes with behavioral support.
  • The primary outcome was biochemically verified continuous abstinence at 6 months.

Main Results:

  • Nicotine e-cigarettes demonstrated modest effectiveness, with abstinence rates of 7.3% compared to 5.8% for nicotine patches and 4.1% for placebo e-cigarettes.
  • The study lacked sufficient statistical power to confirm superiority of e-cigarettes over patches or placebo.
  • No significant differences in adverse events were observed between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • E-cigarettes, with or without nicotine, were modestly effective for smoking cessation, comparable to nicotine patches, and associated with few adverse events.
  • Further research is essential to clarify the benefits and harms of e-cigarettes in tobacco control at individual and population levels.