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The burden of hypertension and its risk factors in Malawi: nationwide population-based STEPS survey

Kelias P Msyamboza1, Damson Kathyola, Titha Dzowela

  • 1World Health Organization, Malawi Country Office, ADL House, City Centre, PO Box 30390, Lilongwe 3, Malawi.

International Health
|September 14, 2013
PubMed

Insights

High blood pressure (hypertension) affects one-third of adults in Malawi, with most unaware of their condition. This highlights the urgent need for public health strategies for early detection and management of hypertension.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Disease Research

Background:

  • Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and heart failure, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Population-based data on hypertension prevalence and awareness in Malawi are limited, hindering effective policy development.
  • Cardiovascular diseases pose a significant public health challenge in the region.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of hypertension in a nationwide population sample in Malawi.
  • To identify demographic and behavioral risk factors associated with hypertension in the study population.
  • To assess awareness of hypertension among diagnosed individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide population-based survey was conducted using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPwise approach.
  • Blood pressure was measured in 3727 participants aged 25-64 years.
  • Data on demographics, lifestyle factors, and prior blood pressure measurement were collected.

Main Results:

  • The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mmHg) was 33.2%.
  • Hypertension was more prevalent in males, alcohol drinkers, overweight individuals, and increased with age.
  • A significant majority (94.9%) of hypertensive participants were unaware of their condition, and 75% had never had their blood pressure measured.

Conclusions:

  • Malawi faces a high burden of hypertension and low awareness, necessitating urgent public health interventions.
  • Primary healthcare strategies, including the WHO package for essential non-communicable diseases, are crucial for promoting healthy lifestyles and early detection.
  • Effective hypertension management programs are essential to reduce cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality in Malawi.

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