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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Overview

Modified-release dosage forms are designed to address the limitations of drugs with short biological half-lives. These forms maintain stable therapeutic drug concentrations over extended periods, reducing the need for frequent dosing. A consistent drug level helps minimize peak-trough fluctuations, which can reduce adverse effects, lower the risk of drug resistance, and improve overall treatment effectiveness.One common type of modified-release form is the extended-release (ER) formulation. ER...
Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview01:15

Drug Dosage Regimen: Overview

A drug dosage regimen describes the specific instructions and schedule for administering a drug to a patient. It considers factors such as drug dosage, frequency, route of administration, and duration of treatment. Designing an appropriate dosage regimen for a patient aims to achieve a target drug concentration at the site of action.
Typically, the starting dose and dosing interval are guided by the manufacturer's recommendations based on clinical trials conducted during and after drug...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems

Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose01:01

Dosage Regimen: Fixed Dose

Fixed-dose regimens are a common approach to administer drugs to achieve and maintain desired levels of the drug in the body. In this dosing strategy, a specific amount of medication is given at regular intervals, often multiple times a day, to ensure a consistent drug concentration in the bloodstream.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Outcomes of a pharmacist-managed medication refill program.

Sarah J Billups, Thomas Delate, Carey Newlon

    Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : Japha
    |September 14, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A pharmacist-managed medication refill and laboratory monitoring program (MRLMP) improved medication and blood pressure monitoring completeness. This enhanced patient care and satisfaction while reducing primary care physician workload.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 7, 2026

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
    12:08

    Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

    Published on: June 11, 2012

    Area of Science:

    • Health Services Research
    • Pharmacy Practice
    • Primary Care

    Background:

    • Medication adherence and monitoring are crucial for chronic disease management.
    • Traditional medication refill processes may not adequately address necessary monitoring.
    • Pharmacist involvement in medication management can potentially improve patient outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the effectiveness of a pharmacist-managed medication refill and laboratory monitoring program (MRLMP) against usual care.
    • To evaluate improvements in medication and blood pressure monitoring completeness.
    • To assess satisfaction levels among pharmacists, primary care physicians (PCPs), and patients.

    Main Methods:

    • A quasiexperimental study was conducted at Kaiser Permanente Colorado from November 2011 to June 2012.
    • The intervention involved community pharmacists managing the refill authorization request (RAR) process, including ordering necessary laboratory tests or clinic visits.
    • The study compared the 1-month rate of complete monitoring for medications due for laboratory or blood pressure checks between the MRLMP and usual care groups.

    Main Results:

    • The MRLMP group showed significantly higher rates of laboratory monitoring (49% vs. 29%) and blood pressure monitoring (56% vs. 33%) compared to the usual care group.
    • Primary care physicians in the MRLMP group reported higher satisfaction with the RAR process and spent less time on refill requests.
    • Pharmacists in the MRLMP group reported higher job satisfaction, and patients reported greater satisfaction with prescription readiness.

    Conclusions:

    • A pharmacist-managed MRLMP significantly improved process-related outcomes, including monitoring completeness and satisfaction.
    • The program demonstrated efficiency gains by reducing PCP workload.
    • Further research is recommended to evaluate the clinical outcomes associated with this pharmacist-led program.