Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy01:26

Cellular Adaptation II: Hypertrophy

Hypertrophy is the increase in the size of individual cells, resulting in the enlargement of a tissue or organ. Unlike hyperplasia, which involves an increase in cell number, hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in cell volume. This process often occurs in response to higher functional demand or hormonal stimulation, leading to the production of more structural proteins and organelles, thereby enhancing the cells' work capacity.There are two primary types of hypertrophy: physiological...
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy01:23

Cellular Adaptation I: Introduction and Atrophy

Cells can adapt to environmental changes to maintain function and avoid injury, a process called cellular adaptation. Adapted cells exist in a reversible intermediate state with changes in size, number, phenotype, metabolism, or function. These responses help cells meet altered physiological or pathological demands; for example, enlargement of breast and uterine tissues during pregnancy. Early adaptations may enhance function, but persistent stress eventually causes tissue damage.Types of...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Aging01:26

Aging

Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Unsupervised machine learning derived bone phenotypes exhibit differential biomarker responses following acute ballistic loaded exercise.

Bone·2026
Same author

Regulation of Small RNAs by Exercise and Their Role in Insulin Sensitivity.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Repeated application of passive mechanical stress produces selective metabolic and extracellular matrix adaptations in human skeletal muscle but does not prevent disuse-induced atrophy.

Function (Oxford, England)·2026
Same author

Varying Influence of Menstrual Cycle Phase and Hormonal Contraceptive Use on Resistance Exercise-Induced Circulating Extracellular Vesicle and Metabolite Signalling.

Journal of extracellular vesicles·2026
Same author

Heat Therapy: Targeting Health, Disease, and Disability.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same author

Menstrual cycle influence on skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in humans.

Physiological reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

Lengthening our perspective: morphological, cellular, and molecular responses to eccentric exercise.

Robert D Hyldahl1, Monica J Hubal

  • 1Department of Exercise Science; 106 Smith Fieldhouse, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84003, USA.

Muscle & Nerve
|September 14, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Eccentric exercise causes skeletal muscle damage and delayed soreness through poorly understood molecular mechanisms. This review details these processes and the benefits of eccentric training for various populations.

Keywords:
eccentric exerciselengtheningmuscle damagerepeated bout effectskeletal musclesoreness

More Related Videos

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
08:33

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Published on: December 11, 2016

Dissection of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Immunofluorescent and Morphometric Analyses of Whole-Mount Neuromuscular Junctions
08:41

Dissection of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Immunofluorescent and Morphometric Analyses of Whole-Mount Neuromuscular Junctions

Published on: August 14, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity
11:41

Real Time and Repeated Measurement of Skeletal Muscle Growth in Individual Live Zebrafish Subjected to Altered Electrical Activity

Published on: June 16, 2022

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans
08:33

Induction and Assessment of Exertional Skeletal Muscle Damage in Humans

Published on: December 11, 2016

Dissection of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Immunofluorescent and Morphometric Analyses of Whole-Mount Neuromuscular Junctions
08:41

Dissection of Single Skeletal Muscle Fibers for Immunofluorescent and Morphometric Analyses of Whole-Mount Neuromuscular Junctions

Published on: August 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Muscle Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal muscle response to unaccustomed eccentric exercise is widely studied but not fully understood.
  • Eccentric actions involve muscle lengthening under tension, often leading to muscle damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of skeletal muscle response to eccentric actions.
  • To emphasize the molecular and cellular mechanisms of muscle damage and recovery.
  • To explore the utility of eccentric training in different populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on molecular and cellular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of symptomatic manifestations and damage markers.
  • Examination of factors influencing muscle damage response.

Main Results:

  • Eccentric exercise can cause physical damage to muscle fibers and connective tissue.
  • Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common symptom with poorly understood molecular underpinnings.
  • Various factors can modify the muscle damage response.

Conclusions:

  • Eccentric training may improve muscle function in healthy, aging, and neurologically impaired individuals.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the molecular mechanisms of eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and recovery.