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Related Experiment Videos

Subject variability of shoulder abduction strength testing.

S P Magnusson1, G W Gleim, J A Nicholas

  • 1Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, New York, New York 10021.

The American Journal of Sports Medicine
|July 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Shoulder abduction strength testing showed high reliability with both Cybex and hand-held dynamometers. Minimize measurement error by averaging specific repetitions for each device to determine clinical significance.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of shoulder abduction strength is crucial for assessing patient recovery and guiding rehabilitation.
  • Understanding the biological variability and measurement error associated with different strength testing devices is essential for clinical decision-making.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the normal biological variability in shoulder abduction strength testing using an isokinetic dynamometer (Cybex) and a hand-held dynamometer.
  • To determine the optimal method for minimizing interday variability for each testing modality.
  • To establish thresholds for measurement error to differentiate true strength changes from random variation.

Main Methods:

  • Nine healthy subjects underwent repeated shoulder abduction strength testing over five days.

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  • One shoulder was tested using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer at 60 deg/sec; the contralateral shoulder was tested with a hand-held dynamometer.
  • Six maximal voluntary contractions were performed per session, with sessions separated by 1-2 weeks.

    • Main Results:

    • High intraday and interday correlations were observed for both Cybex (0.88-0.996) and hand-held dynamometer (0.82-0.995) testing.
    • Interday variability was minimized by averaging the first three repetitions for Cybex (8.6%-19.2% SEM) and the last three for hand-held dynamometer (5.5%-10.8% SEM).
    • A significant decline in strength was noted for the hand-held dynamometer (last vs. first three reps), but not for the Cybex.

    Conclusions:

    • Both Cybex and hand-held dynamometers demonstrate high reliability for shoulder abduction strength testing.
    • Specific repetition averaging strategies (first three for Cybex, last three for hand-held) effectively reduce interday variability.
    • Strength changes below 19% for Cybex and 11% for hand-held dynamometers should be considered within the margin of measurement error and not clinically significant.