Surgical wound infections occurring in day surgery patients

The occurrence of surgical wound infection in outpatient day surgery has not been extensively studied despite the increasing popularity of this mode of treatment. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of surgical wound infections in a day surgery population. We randomly selected during a 6-month period 635 (25%) of 2540 patients undergoing a day surgery procedure in which a skin incision was made. The patients were telephoned 1 month after their procedure by an infection control practitioner. Infection was diagnosed if the patient reported that (1) their physician had made a diagnosis of a wound infection or (2) pus was or had been issuing from the wound. Of the 515 patients contacted, 72% had undergone a clean and 28% a clean-contaminated procedure. Patient risk factors for infection were almost completely absent in our day surgery patients. Twenty-six wound infections were diagnosed, 19 of which were identified by physicians' diagnosis and 7 by patient description, for a rate of 5.05%. Two patients required hospitalization for their infections, and 14 were treated with antibiotics. The clean wound infection rates were 4.62%, less than half the infection rate seen in our patients undergoing inpatient surgery at 1 month follow-up by the same surveillance technique. We conclude that day surgery infection rates are much lower than inpatient surgery infection rates at our facility, probably because of a relative absence of risk factors in the day surgery patients.