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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above the...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation
05:52

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

Published on: March 8, 2018

Upper extremity golf injuries.

Michael A Cohn, Steven K Lee, Eric J Strauss

    Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Disease (2013)
    |September 17, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Golf injuries are common, with upper extremities particularly vulnerable due to overuse and acute trauma. Understanding injury risks is key for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention in this global sport.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedics
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Golf is a popular global sport with millions of participants.
    • A misconception exists that golf poses minimal injury risk.
    • Golfers face various potential pathologies, primarily from overuse, but also acute trauma.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the prevalence and types of injuries in golf.
    • To emphasize the vulnerability of the upper extremities in golfers.
    • To underscore the importance of understanding injury risk factors for effective management.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of common golf-related injuries.
    • Analysis of biomechanical factors contributing to injury.
    • Identification of risk factors associated with golf pathologies.

    Main Results:

    • Overuse injuries are the most common in golf.
    • Acute traumatic injuries can also occur.
    • The upper extremities (wrists, elbows, shoulders) are highly susceptible to injury due to their role in the golf swing.

    Conclusions:

    • Golf is associated with a significant risk of injury.
    • Understanding the patterns and risk factors of golf injuries is crucial.
    • Accurate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention strategies are essential for golfers' health.