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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers

Stretching Short Sequences of DNA with Constant Force Axial Optical Tweezers

Published on: October 13, 2011

Force fluctuations in stretching a tethered polymer.

Anoop Varghese¹, Satyavani Vemparala, R Rajesh

¹Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany and The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, C. I. T. Campus, Taramani, Chennai 600113, India.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics

|September 17, 2013

Summary

This study reexamines the fluctuation relation in unfolding forces, incorporating time-dependent force distributions. Simulations and exact polymer stretching calculations confirm and refine this relation for biophysical unfolding processes.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Statistical Mechanics
Polymer Physics

Background:

The fluctuation relation provides a theoretical framework for understanding non-equilibrium processes.
Previous work proposed a fluctuation relation for unfolding forces, but lacked explicit time dependence considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

To reexamine the fluctuation relation in unfolding forces by including the explicit time dependence of the force distribution.
To validate the fluctuation relation using exact solutions for polymer stretching and steered molecular dynamics simulations.

Main Methods:

Exact analytical solution for the stretching of a tethered Rouse polymer.
Extensive steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations of deca-alanine peptide unfolding.
Analysis of the ratio of probabilities for positive to negative unfolding forces.

Main Results:

The ratio of probabilities for positive to negative forces follows an exponential dependence on force.
SMD simulations confirm the fluctuation relation's form, with corrected time dependence.
A linear relationship is proposed between the fluctuation relation's constant, average unfolding forces, and inverse temperature.

Conclusions:

The study provides a more accurate description of the fluctuation relation in unfolding forces by accounting for time dependence.
Both analytical and computational methods support the refined fluctuation relation.
The findings offer insights into the statistical mechanics of biopolymer unfolding.