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Related Concept Videos

Graphs of Equations in Two Variables01:30

Graphs of Equations in Two Variables

An equation with two variables, typically written in the form y = f(x) or Ax + By = C, describes a relationship between quantities represented by x and y. Each solution to such an equation is an ordered pair (x, y) that satisfies the equation when substituted. These pairs can be represented graphically to understand the variables' relationship visually.A common technique for constructing the graph of a two-variable equation is to create a value table. Begin by choosing several values for the...
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Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...
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The polar coordinate system represents points using a distance from a central point (the pole) and an angle from a reference direction (the polar axis). Unlike rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates are ideal for graphing curves with radial symmetry or periodic behavior.Some general forms of graphs in polar coordinates include the following:Equation of a Circle (Centered at the Pole):A graph where the radius remains constant for all angles traces a circle centered at the pole:Equation of a...
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Trigonometric functions exhibit periodic and symmetrical behavior, deeply rooted in the unit circle. The sine and cosine functions correspond to the vertical and horizontal projections, respectively, of a point rotating counterclockwise around the circle. These functions trace smooth, repeating waveforms with identical periods and bounded ranges. The tangent function is defined as the ratio of sine to cosine and produces an unbounded curve that repeats every units, with vertical asymptotes...
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Updated: May 7, 2026

Generating Strictly Controlled Stimuli for Figure Recognition Experiments
05:39

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Published on: March 18, 2019

Motifs in triadic random graphs based on Steiner triple systems.

Marco Winkler1, Jörg Reichardt

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces novel generative models for complex networks using exponential random graph models (ERGMs) and Steiner triple systems (STSs). These models generate networks with specific subgraph motif patterns, aiding in understanding network function and structure.

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Network science
  • Graph theory
  • Computational biology

Background:

  • Complex networks are conventionally viewed as built from pairwise links.
  • Subnetwork patterns, or motifs, are increasingly recognized as fundamental network building blocks.
  • Existing generative models lack the capability to test the functional roles of subgraph motifs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop sound generative models for complex networks based on triadic substructures.
  • To address the challenge of independent specification of triad patterns in network models.
  • To enable the investigation of the functional implications of motif statistics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing exponential random graph models (ERGMs) framework.
  • Employing Steiner triple systems (STSs) to define independent triad specifications.
  • Combining ERGMs and STSs to create generative models for network ensembles.

Main Results:

  • Generated networks with non-trivial triadic Z-score profiles.
  • Identified inherent statistical correlations between triad pattern abundances.
  • Analytically calculated degree distributions for the generated triadic random graphs.

Conclusions:

  • The developed models provide a new tool for studying the functional significance of network motifs.
  • Understanding statistical correlations in motif abundance is crucial for interpreting network properties.
  • The findings advance the field of network science by offering a method to generate and analyze networks based on subgraph structures.