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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) comprises several components: a radiation source, an atomizer, a monochromator, and a detector. The radiation source can be a hollow-cathode lamp (HCL) or an electrodeless-discharge lamp (EDL), both of which provide a narrow emission line of the required wavelength. However, some instruments use continuum sources and high-resolution monochromators to achieve a narrow range of radiation.
The atomizer used in AAS can be either a flame atomizer or an...
Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:22

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers.  Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation01:26

Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is the common plasma source used in atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), a technique that detects and analyzes various elements in a sample. This method is often called inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES).
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IR Spectrometers01:25

IR Spectrometers

There are two main infrared (IR) spectrophotometers: dispersive IR spectrometers and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers. In a dispersive IR spectrometer, a beam of infrared radiation produced by a hot wire is divided into two parallel equal-intensity beams using mirrors. One beam passes through the sample, while another is a reference beam. The beams then move through the monochromator, which separates the radiations into a continuous spectrum of different frequencies. The...
Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy01:29

Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS) is an analytical technique that involves the electronic transitions of atoms in a flame, furnace, or plasma being excited by electromagnetic (EM) radiation. When these atoms absorb energy, they become excited and subsequently release energy as they return to their original state. This emitted light, or "fluorescence," is observed at a right angle to the incident beam. Both absorption and emission processes transpire at distinct wavelengths, which are...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators
09:23

Quantum State Engineering of Light with Continuous-wave Optical Parametric Oscillators

Published on: May 30, 2014

Optical spectrum analyzer with quantum-limited noise floor.

M Bishof1, X Zhang, M J Martin

  • 1JILA, National Institute of Standards and Technology and University of Colorado, Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new method using strontium atoms to precisely measure the frequency noise of ultrastable lasers. This technique provides critical data for advancing optical atomic clocks and quantum technologies.

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Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown
09:40

Measurement and Analysis of Atomic Hydrogen and Diatomic Molecular AlO, C2, CN, and TiO Spectra Following Laser-induced Optical Breakdown

Published on: February 14, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Quantum Optics
  • Atomic Physics
  • Laser Technology

Background:

  • Precise control of quantum states relies on understanding frequency noise in highly stable optical oscillators.
  • Existing methods like Allan deviation evaluate laser performance over long timescales, necessitating complementary techniques for broader spectral analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a novel technique for precisely measuring the frequency noise spectrum of ultrastable lasers.
  • To utilize optical lattice-trapped 87Sr atoms as a quantum projection noise-limited reference for laser characterization.
  • To validate noise reduction in ultrastable lasers and predict laser-limited stability for optical atomic clocks.

Main Methods:

  • Employed optical lattice-trapped 87Sr atoms as a quantum reference to measure laser frequency noise.
  • Determined the laser noise spectrum from near DC to 100 Hz by analyzing atomic excitation fluctuations.
  • Guided measurements with a simple and robust theoretical model.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a precise measurement of the laser noise spectrum, yielding a 26(4) mHz linewidth at 429 THz.
  • Calculated an optical quality factor of 1.6×10^16, indicating exceptional laser stability.
  • Verified the effectiveness of feedback mechanisms in reducing resonant noise within the ultrastable laser.

Conclusions:

  • The demonstrated technique offers unique insights into single laser noise spectra, surpassing limitations of traditional methods.
  • Accurate knowledge of the laser noise spectrum enables precise prediction of laser-limited stability for optical atomic clocks.
  • This advancement is crucial for the development of next-generation quantum technologies and high-precision measurements.