Urgent lung transplantation national program: the Italian experience

An urgent lung transplantation national program in Italy was developed over the past three years. Indispensable conditions that were included in the program were invasive respiratory support and/or extracorporeal vascular device (DECAP excluded). The aim of this study was to test the effectiveness of the program.

We analyzed urgent lung requests received between 2009 and 2011 taking into account primary pathology, request outcome, average waiting time, and organ origin. Taking as reference the same period of time, we also examined the ordinary waiting list, waiting list mortality, and number of transplantations performed and we have compared them with another three-year period prior to the activation of the program.

The total number of urgent requests was 43. Primary pathologies with the highest incidence proportion were cystic fibrosis (40%) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (26.6%). A total of 34 requests (79%) were successfully dealt with and 9 of them were suspended because of worsening conditions. The average waiting time was 17.9 days. During the same period of time 340 lung transplantations were performed and there were 499, 524, and 564 wait-listed patients in 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The mortality rate was 21.3%. Over the previous three-year period 295 transplantations were performed and there were 457, 476, and 464 wait-listed patients in 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively. Also the mortality rate was 25.3%.

Urgent lung transplantations can provide patients in an imminent life-threatening situation with adequate care without affecting the mortality rate of patients on the ordinary waiting list.