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Related Concept Videos

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents01:28

Adrenergic Agonists: Mixed-Action Agents

Mixed-action adrenergic agonists, like ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, directly and indirectly affect adrenergic receptors. These agents stimulate adrenoceptors and indirectly release stored neurotransmitters, amplifying the adrenergic response.
Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine lack a catecholamine group, making them less susceptible to degradation by metabolic enzymes. They have increased oral bioavailability and lipophilicity, resulting in a longer duration of action. Their response is reduced by...
Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents01:25

Adrenergic Agonists: Indirect-Acting Agents

Indirect-acting adrenergic agonists potentiate the effects of endogenous catecholamines through different mechanisms without directly binding to adrenoceptors.
One mechanism involves depleting stored catecholamines by displacing them from synaptic vesicles. These agents, known as "displacers," are transported into vesicles at the expense of noradrenaline. Examples include amphetamine and tyramine, which lack a catechol moiety, resulting in prolonged action, improved oral bioavailability, and...
Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
Allergies and anaphylaxis:...
Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents01:30

Adrenergic Agonists: Direct-Acting Agents

Drugs that mimic the action of endogenous catecholamines like noradrenaline and adrenaline are called adrenergic agonists or sympathomimetics. Based on their mechanism of action, sympathomimetics can be classified as direct-, indirect-, or mixed-acting sympathomimetics. Direct-acting adrenergic agonists activate adrenoceptors without affecting presynaptic neurons, making them independent of neuronal catecholamine-depleting agents like reserpine and guanethidine.
These agents can be classified...
Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines01:24

Antiasthma Drugs: Methylxanthines

Theophylline, a member of the methylxanthine class of bronchodilators, has long been used in asthma management. While its exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, it is believed to have multiple effects on various cellular processes.
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Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...

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[Methylphenidate and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon].

M Iglesias Otero1, M Portela Romero, R Bugarín González

  • 1Medicina de Familia y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud de Padrón, Gerencia de Gestión Integrada de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio Gallego de Salud, España.

Semergen
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Raynaud's phenomenon involves episodic vasoconstriction in extremities triggered by cold or stress. This case highlights secondary Raynaud's phenomenon caused by methylphenidate in a young patient.

Keywords:
Fenómeno de Raynaud primarioFenómeno de Raynaud secundarioMethylphenidateMetilfenidatoPrimary Raynaud's phenomenonSecundary Raynaud's phenomenon

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Medicine
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Raynaud's phenomenon is a vascular disorder causing episodic vasoconstriction in extremities.
  • It presents as primary (idiopathic) or secondary to other conditions or medications.
  • Secondary Raynaud's is often linked to connective tissue diseases and certain drugs.

Observation:

  • The abstract describes a case of Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • This instance was secondary to methylphenidate use.
  • The patient was a 14-year-old individual.

Findings:

  • Methylphenidate, a sympathomimetic drug, can induce secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • Vasoconstrictive effects of certain medications are a known cause of secondary Raynaud's.
  • This case illustrates a specific drug-induced etiology.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should consider medication side effects, including methylphenidate, in diagnosing secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.
  • Awareness of drug-induced vasoconstriction is crucial for managing Raynaud's.
  • This finding contributes to understanding iatrogenic causes of vascular events.