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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...
Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management01:26

Mitral Stenosis III: Medical Management

Mitral stenosis, a condition marked by the narrowing of the mitral valve, necessitates an integrated approach for effective management. This approach includes preventative measures, medical therapy, and surgical interventions to reduce symptoms and prevent complications.PreventionPrevention of mitral stenosis primarily focuses on reducing the incidence of bacterial infections, particularly streptococcal infections, which can lead to rheumatic fever and subsequent valvular damage. Timely...
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management01:22

Mitral Valve Prolapse II: Assessment and Management

IntroductionA range of clinical features characterizes Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP), but it is important to note that many individuals with MVP are asymptomatic and may remain so throughout their lives. For those who do exhibit symptoms, the following are the key clinical features:Palpitations: This is a common symptom where individuals feel an irregular or rapid heartbeat. Palpitations in MVP are often due to arrhythmias such as premature ventricular contractions or supraventricular tachycardia.
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Mitral valve annular downsizing forces: implications for annuloplasty device development.

Morten O Jensen1, Jesper L Honge1, Jon A Benediktsson1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark.

The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mitral valve annulus downsizing increases suture forces and alters biomechanics. This study quantifies these changes, offering insights for surgical device design and computational modeling in functional mitral regurgitation.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 7, 2026

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiac Mechanics

Background:

  • Functional mitral regurgitation often requires surgical intervention.
  • Mitral valve repair techniques, including annulus downsizing, are commonly employed.
  • Understanding the biomechanical effects of annulus downsizing is crucial for optimizing surgical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of externally applied mitral valve annulus downsizing on in-plane forces.
  • To measure the changes in valvular dimensions resulting from annulus downsizing.
  • To provide data for the design of surgical devices and computational models.

Main Methods:

  • An acute porcine study involving five animals.
  • Traction sutures were used to apply controlled downsizing to the mitral annulus.
  • Sonomicrometry was employed to measure valvular dimensions and myocardial wall thickening.

Main Results:

  • Annulus downsizing significantly increased in-plane traction suture forces.
  • A decrease in systolic thickening of the posterior myocardial wall was observed.
  • Peak forces at 32% downsizing varied across annular segments (T-P1: 1.2±0.9 N, T-P2: 1.5±1.0 N, T-P3: 0.8±0.2 N).

Conclusions:

  • Segmental mitral valve annulus downsizing impacts in-plane biomechanics by increasing traction forces.
  • Findings inform mechanical strength requirements for surgical devices.
  • Results can supplement boundary conditions for computational left heart models.